Private action refers to the theft, piracy, blackmail and the like by private individuals or groups.

私下行为是指非公有的个人或集团的偷窃、盗版、敲诈等行为。

youdao

Private action refers to the theft, piracy, blackmail and the like by private individuals or groups.

私下行为是指非公有的个人或集团的偷窃、盗版、敲诈等行为。

youdao