International research on the digitalization of leveling survey started from 1980s.
国际上对水准测量数字化的研究起始于上个世纪80年代。
But it is not easy to realize the digitalization of leveling survey because of its owner properties.
但由于水准测量本身的特点，要实现水准测量的数字化并不容易。
There are a lot of shortcomings in traditional optical leveling survey. It includes too intensive labor, low efficiency and difficult afterward data processing.
但传统的光学水准测量也存在着劳动强度大、测量效率低下、测量数据的后续处理不方便等缺点。
The method can achieve fourth-grade leveling survey precision demand by precision analysis, and then brings forward some measure to increase observation precision.
通过精度分析，该方法可达到四等水准测量的精度，提出了提高观测精度的相应措施。
With traditional leveling survey type tilt instruments, the measurement is obtained by observation of human eye, so the accuracy is not high enough and the flexibility is low.
通过人眼观察进行识读的传统水准器式倾斜仪表，直观但精度不高、灵活性不强。
The function of astronomical leveling in height survey of position traverse control network is introduced.
简要介绍了天文水准在阵地导线网高程测量中的作用。
Nowadays, in mountain railroad engineering survey, the efficiency of traditional leveling method is low, is very difficult to practice because of terrain undulation being big.
目前在山区铁路工程测量过程中，由于地形起伏较大，传统的水准测量效率低，非常难以实施。
To determine the relative positions of them, the GPS technique, traditional direction and range survey, and precise leveling are adopted in this paper.
本文采用GPS技术及常规的方向、距离和精密水准测量对三个站进行了空间归心测量。
The working strength of the survey person can be reduced, and the idea burden of the perpendicularity of the manual control leveling rod can be relieved.
减轻了测量人员的工作强度，解除了人为控制水准尺垂直的思想负担。
By this method, leveling and GPS-RTK survey can be carried out at the same time, which can increase work efficiency and reduce job time.
采用本文的方法，可使RTK平面和高程放样与水准测量工作同时进行，有利于提高作业效率，缩短工期。
By this method, leveling and GPS-RTK survey can be carried out at the same time, which can increase work efficiency and reduce job time.
采用本文的方法，可使RTK平面和高程放样与水准测量工作同时进行，有利于提高作业效率，缩短工期。
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