Six months later, it moves back. When the mutations are gradual, as with seasonal flu, it is known as drift; when they are abrupt, as with the new strain of H1N1, you have a shift on your hands.
如果病毒突变是渐进式的，就像季节性流感一样，就是为人所知的一般缓慢趋势，但如果病毒突变是急进式的，就像现在的H1N1新品种，那大家可就碰上了紧急的加速档了。
When the mutations are gradual, as with seasonal flu, it is known as drift; when they are abrupt, as with the new strain of H1N1, you have a shift on your hands.
季节性流感的变异较缓和，被称为渐变；当像H1N1这样的新型病毒株发生变异的时候，这就是突变了。
Most of these mutations are known as "passengers" and cause damage but not cancer.
这些突变基因中的大部分被认为是“乘客”，它们虽会造成破坏，却并不直接致癌。
"Had I known as a teenager that smoking caused mutations which would stay with me for life then I would never had started".
如果年轻时我知道吸烟导致的基因突变一生都会跟随着我，那么我绝不会开始吸烟。
Dr Hall looked for links between the placebo effect's strength and certain mutations, known as single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), in which a single DNA "letter" in a gene is changed.
霍尔博士寻找了安慰剂效应强度和某些基因突变之间的联系，这些突变被称为“单核苷酸多态性”（SNPs），其基因中单个DNA的碱基“字母”序列发生改变。
Mutations of specific amino acids in ALS have been known to confer resistance to ALS-inhibiting herbicides such as sulfonylureas and pyrimidinyl carboxy (PC) herbicides.
已知乙酰乳酸合酶特定氨基酸突变可以提高对抑制乙酰乳酸合酶类除草剂的抗性，如碘酰脲类和嘧啶羧酸类除草剂。
Most of these mutations are known as "passengers" and cause damage but not cancer. However a small number are called "drivers" and these lead to the disease.
英国癌症研究院剑桥研究所的癌症研究专家卡洛斯·卡尔达斯称：“这是一项突破性的研究。”
Most of these mutations are known as "passengers" and cause damage but not cancer. However a small number are called "drivers" and these lead to the disease.
英国癌症研究院剑桥研究所的癌症研究专家卡洛斯·卡尔达斯称：“这是一项突破性的研究。”
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