Priority boosting requires a kernel call anyway.
优先级提高总是需要使用内核调用。
The BSD part of the kernel calls down to the Mach part, but can call these functions directly, not requiring a Mach message.
内核的BSD部分可以调用内核的Mach部分，是直接调用这些功能，而不需要通过Mach消息。
However, now that devfs is enabled, the device drivers use a new and improved kernel call to register their devices, called devfs_register .
然而，现在启用了devfs，设备驱动程序是用一种新的、改进了的内核调用来注册设备，称为devfs_register 。
In stark contrast, the Linux kernel call graph - the network of interactions between different pieces of program code - looks almost like an inverted pyramid.
与之形成鲜明对比，Linux内核调用图——不同程序代码之间的交互网络——看起来几乎像一个倒置的金字塔。
This provides the system call interface that connects to the kernel and provides the mechanism to transition between the user-space application and the kernel.
它提供了连接内核的系统调用接口，还提供了在用户空间应用程序和内核之间进行转换的机制。
Above the VFS is the standard kernel system-call interface (SCI).
在VFS之上的是标准的内核系统调用接口(SCI)。
From here, depending on architecture, a call is made to copy from the user buffer to a kernel buffer with zeroing (of unavailable bytes).
从此开始，根据构架，为执行从用户缓冲区到内核缓冲区的零拷贝(不可用字节)而进行一个调用。
The biggest problem with them is that it's a standardized interface. It would be difficult to have your new system call added to the kernel, so any additions are likely served through other means.
使用这种方法的最大问题就是它是一个标准接口，很难将新的系统调用增加到内核中，因此可以通过其他方法来实现类似服务。
The return from the call causes another context switch from kernel back to user mode.
该调用的返回引发了内核模式到用户模式的上下文切换(又一次上下文切换)。
The return from the call caused a context switch from kernel back to user mode.
该调用的返回引发了内核模式到用户模式的上下文切换(又一次上下文切换)。
When a networking call is made by the user, it is multiplexed through the system call interface into the kernel.
用户发起网络调用时，通过系统调用接口进入内核的过程应该是多路的。
While booting Linux involves many steps, you can partition the process into three basic steps that I call BIOS, kernel boot, and system initialization, as shown in Figure 1.
尽管引导Linux会涉及很多步骤，不过您可以将整个过程划分为3个基本步骤，我将它们分别称之为BIOS、内核引导和系统初始化，如图1所示。
Step one: the read system call causes a context switch from user mode to kernel mode.
read() 调用（参见 图 2）引发了一次从用户模式到内核模式的上下文切换。
The Linux kernel provides several functions that you can use to move system call arguments to and from user-space.
Linux内核提供了几个函数，可以用来将系统调用参数移动到用户空间中，或从中移出。
Step two: the write system call causes the kernel to copy the data from the original kernel buffers into the kernel buffers associated with sockets.
步骤二：write系统调用导致内核将数据从内核缓冲区复制到与socket相关联的内核缓冲区中。
A typical Mac OS X application spends most of its time in the kevent system call, waiting for an event from the kernel to wake it up.
一个典型的MacOSX应用程序的大部分时间在用在kevent系统调用上，等待从内核来的事件来唤醒它。
The Linux system call interface provides the means for user-space applications to invoke kernel functionality.
Linux系统调用接口提供了用户空间应用程序调用内核功能的方法。
At the top of the kernel is the system call interface, which handles the routing of user-space calls to their appropriate destination in the kernel (such as an open, read, or write).
内核的顶部是系统调用接口，处理用户空间调用到内核中合适的目的地的路由(例如open、read或write)。
To visit the device, the Linux kernel maps the device operation call to the device driver via the file system.
为了访问设备，Linux内核将设备操作调用通过文件系统映射到设备驱动程序。
The kernel trace hooks call functions in the device driver code, which log the information provided by the kernel trace hooks in pinned buffers.
内核追踪挂钩调用设备驱动程序代码中的函数，那些函数将内核追踪挂钩在固定缓冲区（pinned buffer）中给出的信息记录下来。
You perform three basic steps to add a new system call to the kernel
向内核中添加新系统调用，需要执行3 个基本步骤
Step three: the write system call causes a context switch from user mode to kernel mode.
send() 套接字调用引发了从用户模式到内核模式的上下文切换。
Internal to the setup function, there's a call to kzalloc (which allocates kernel memory and zeroes it).
在安装函数内部，调用了kzalloc(分配内核内存并清零)。
The printk call can be called from any context in the kernel.
printk可以在内核的任意上下文中调用。
For instance, if a Linux binary were to try to call uname to get a kernel version, it would be very confused if it got back a NetBSD version number.
例如，如果Linux二进制程序尝试调用uname来得到内核版本，却得到了NetBSD的版本号，这将非常令人迷惑。
A kernel routine will call panic when it has encountered a problem that it cannot resolve.
内核例程在遇到无法解决的问题时就会调用panic服务。
This is normally from a call to the panic kernel service or from a failed assert.
这通常是调用panic内核服务或断言失败造成的。
A sample probe is shown in Listing 3 that exists to fire when the kernel system call sys_sync is invoked.
清单3显示了一个样例探针，它在调用内核系统调用sys_sync时触发。
In the standard 2.6 Linux kernel, when a user space process makes a call into the kernel (through a system call), it cannot be preempted.
在标准2.6Linux内核中，当用户空间的进程执行内核调用时(通过系统调用)，它便不能被抢占。
In the standard 2.6 Linux kernel, when a user space process makes a call into the kernel (through a system call), it cannot be preempted.
在标准2.6Linux内核中，当用户空间的进程执行内核调用时(通过系统调用)，它便不能被抢占。
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