In the much more distant past, other ice ages have occurred.
在更久远的过去，其他冰河时代也曾发生过这种情况。
Some suggest that variations in the Sun's energy output could account for the ice ages.
有人认为，太阳能量输出的变化可能是导致冰河时代的原因。
Milankovitch proposed in the early twentieth century that the ice ages were caused by variations in the Earth's orbit around the Sun.
米兰科维奇在20世纪早期提出，冰河时代是由地球绕太阳运行轨道的变化引起的。
For example, during past ice ages, glaciers advanced down through North America and Europe and gradually cut off parts of populations from one another.
例如，在过去的冰河时代，冰川向下穿过北美和欧洲，逐渐切断了部分人口之间的联系。
Because of these advantages, sedimentary evidence can be dated with sufficient accuracy by radiometric methods to establish a precise chronology of the ice ages.
由于这些优点，可以通过辐射测量方法以足够确定沉积证据的年代，从而建立一个精确的冰河时代年表。
Dust from volcanic eruptions that blocks the Sun's warming radiation has been proposed as an explanation alternative to Milankovitch cycles for the cause of ice ages.
来自火山喷发的灰尘阻挡了太阳温暖的辐射，这被认为是导致冰河时代的另一种解释。
For sometime this theory was considered untestable, largely because there was no sufficiently precise chronology of the ice ages with which the orbital variations could be matched.
有一段时间，这一理论被认为是不可检验的，主要是因为没有足够精确的冰河时代的年表与轨道的变化相匹配。
Interglacial periods are, typically periods of time between Ice Ages, when the climate warms, and the glacial ice retreats for a time, before things cool off again and another Ice Age begins.
间冰期通常是在冰期之间的一段时间，这时气候变暖，冰川的冰会暂时消退，直到气候再次变冷，下一个冰期开始。
These data have established a strong connection between variations in the Earth's orbit and the periodicity of the ice ages.
这些数据已经建立了地球轨道变化和冰期周期之间的强有力的联系。
As Anthony Hallam has pointed out, many scientific phenomena, such as the ice ages, have been accepted before they could be fully explained.
正如安东尼·哈勒姆所指出的，许多科学现象，比如冰河时代，在它们还没有被完全解释清楚之前就已经被接受了。
As geologists mapped glacial deposits in the late nineteenth century, they became aware that there were several layers of drift, the lower ones corresponding to earlier ice ages.
19世纪晚期，在地质学家对这些冰川沉积进行定位的时候，他们意识到有好几个漂流层，位置较低的对应的是更早的冰川期。
Glaciers, glacial landforms, ice ages.
冰川，冰川的地形，冰河世纪。
在冰河时代。
Ice ages come in slowly, but go out with a bang.
冰河时代来的很慢，但却走的很快。
Smith said Mars has ice ages, just like Earth has had.
史密斯表示火星也和地球一样有过冰河时期。
There have been at least four major ice ages in the Earth's past.
至少有四个主要的冰河，在地球的过去。
Most of us know that there have ever been Ice Ages on the earth three times.
我们大多数人都知道地球上曾有过三次冰河期。
We have had warm periods and little ice ages; but the changes have been small.
我们有过暖期和小冰期；但是变化很小。
Previous prolonged weakenings in the solar cycle may have launched mini-Ice Ages.
早前在太阳周期中一个持续的周期可能带来了一个小冰河时代。
So evenduring the ice ages, life continued to thrive on lake floors and in thedeep ocean.
因此，即使在冰河期，湖面和深海的生命体也得以延续。
Low nucleotide diversity (0.136%) was found indicating a bottleneck effect during ice ages.
核苷酸多态性很低(0.136%)，这可能是由于冰期瓶颈效应的结果。
The tilt and orbit of Mars and its thin atmosphere also would have a big impact on its ice ages.
火星的斜度和轨道以及它的稀薄大气可能也会对其冰河时期产生很大的影响。
These ice ages may have been the result of the expansion of land plants that followed the Cryogenian.
这些冰河时代的出现可能都是Cryogenian冰河其之后陆生植物扩张的结果。
But in fact there have been many ice ages, most of them long before humans made their first appearance.
但实际上，史上有很多冰河时代，而且大多在人类出现很久以前。
Much of what is known about recent ice ages comes from drilling into the ice at the planet's poles.
人们对近期冰川季的已有认识，大部分都得益于对地球极点冰层的钻探。
The ice sheets that cover Greenland and Antarctica now are remnants of this and previous ice ages.
现在覆盖着格陵兰和南极的冰盖就是上述冰块和以前几次冰期的遗留物。
They knew that every so often during past ice ages, drops in sea level created a land bridge across the strait.
在最后一个冰期期间，他们了解到海平面的下降偶尔会产生横跨海峡的陆桥。
This allows for the continuation of our species, even through the tough times such as earth's ice ages in the past.
这让我们的物种得以延续，即使历经许多艰难的时期如地球过去的冰河世纪也生存下来。
These ice ages are also called glaciations and the periods of relative warmth between them are called interglacials .
这些冰期也叫冰河期，在各冰期间的相对温暖时期就叫间冰期。
These ice ages are also called glaciations and the periods of relative warmth between them are called interglacials .
这些冰期也叫冰河期，在各冰期间的相对温暖时期就叫间冰期。
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