The movement of the ocean water under the ice may often cause many different changes on the surface.
冰下海水的运动经常会引起表面上许多不同的变化。
The formation of sea ice causes the concentration of salt in surface waters to increase; less sea ice would mean a smaller increase in the concentration of salt.
海冰的形成导致表水中盐的浓度增加；海冰的减少意味着盐浓度的增加幅度较小。
Geologists think that this fluidized ejecta crater indicates that a layer of permafrost, or water ice, lies just a few meters under the surface.
地质学家认为，这个具有流体化喷出物的陨石坑表明，在地表下几米深处有一层永久冻土层或水冰。
Thus, although the winter sea-ice cover might decrease, the surface waters would remain cold enough so that the decrease would not be excessive.
因此，虽然冬季海冰覆盖面积可能减少，但表层水将足够冰冷，因此海冰覆盖面积不会减少太多。
Unlike floating ice shelves which have little impact on sea level when they break up, the ice sheet is anchored to bedrock will blow the sea surface.
当浮动冰架破裂时，对海平面的影响很小；而与之不同的是，固定在基岩上的冰盖将会使海面炸毁。
Deep Impact also found evidence of ice on the surface of the comet, not just inside it.
深度撞击项目组还发现了证据表明冰不仅仅存在于彗星内部，也存在于彗星表面。
It gets quite dark depending on how much ice there is above your head at the surface - so in some places with thicker ice it gets dangerously dark.
周围会变的很黑，而这取决于你头顶表面聚集了多少冰。因此在某些冰层很厚的地方会变得格外危险且黑暗。
It might have a surface of "hot ice" - water that remains solid despite its heat because it gets compressed by the planet's gravity.
这颗行星可能拥有一个“热冰”的表面，由于受到行星引力的压缩，水虽然受热但依然保持固态。
When impactors slammed into the surface of Phoebe, the collisions excavated fresh, bright material — probably ice — underlying the surface layer.
当高速而来的撞击者一头扎进月亮表面时，就掘出了表层以下的新鲜物质——很可能是冰。
Then, when snow or rain wash them onto an ice floe, they darken its surface and thus cause it to melt faster.
随后，雪或雨水将他们冲刷到冰面上，冰的表面会变黑，因而融化的也更快。
Wave action applied pressure to the bottoms and sides, and the pressure propagated up through the ice to the surface.
海浪的作用力向其底部及侧部挤压，这股压力向上传递至冰山的表面。
Ganymede, the largest moon in the solar system, has a dirty ice surface cut by fractures and peppered by impact craters.
这颗太阳系中最大的卫星，表面冰盖布满断层的切口和火山灰的粉末。
The surface of an ice shelf gets covered by snow, but the underside is very pure ice.
以前的冰架表面覆盖着积雪，而底层的纯冰这时才露出来。
Since then, observations from unmanned probes from NASA and other space agencies have confirmed the presence of water in lunar material and water ice on the moon's surface.
此后，来自NASA和其他空间机构的无人卫星的观察证实了月球物质含有水，且月球表面有液态冰。
The surface of the ice is also darker than snow.
冰的表面也比雪显黑。
Hyperspectral data, scientists have mapped the location of sulfur deposits on the ice surface (red outline).
通过获得的高光谱数据(hyperspectral data)，科学家绘制了冰层表面硫磺沉淀的范围(红色线)。
Their suspicions about water ice beneath the surface of Mars confirmed, scientists and the world will have renewed interest in the outcome of the soil analyses currently being conducted by the lander.
关于火星表面以下存在水冰的怀疑终于被证实了，根据正在进行的火星车的土壤分析，科学家和整个世界将获得进一步的信息。
When the gulf waters freeze over during the Antarctic winter, they hunt for the krill that lives underneath the ice surface.
在南极洲的冬天，海湾的水面都被冻住了，它们就会去捕捉冰层下面的磷虾为食。
It happens so quickly that, unlike other de-icing methods, heat is not wasted warming up the [object's] surface or the ice.
这种加热发生非常之快，而不像其他的除冰方式把热量浪费在了物体表面或者冰上。
This is because as the ice sheet melts, its surface will be at ever lower altitudes, where the air will be progressively warmer, even if global warming ceases.
这是因为，随着冰盖融化，其表面高度将越来越低，即使全球变暖停止，那里的空气也会逐渐变暖。
Northern-sky neutrinos come streaking upward through the detector, from the bedrock toward the surface of the ice.
来自北部天空的中微子沿着岩层指向冰面的方向高速向上穿过探测器。
The team used a model to estimate the surface mass balance of ice and the amount of ice discharged.
研究团队运用一种模型来评估冰层表面物质平衡与冰流量的关系。
Smooth ice provides very little resistance against objects, like ice skates, being dragged across its surface.
光滑的冰面对于物体——譬如在冰面上拖曳的冰刀——施加极小的摩擦阻力。
A European satellite image of the entire glacier tongue shows the ice body's rugged surface. Deep cracks-crevasses-give the glacier tongue its rough texture.
欧洲卫星拍摄的一张冰舌全景图像展示了冰川崎岖不平的表面，深深的冰裂缝使得其表面如此粗糙。
Using this hyperspectral data, scientists have mapped the location of sulfur deposits on the ice surface (red outline).
使用这个高光谱数据，科学家已经为冰面硫磺沉积物的位置绘制了地图(红色轮廓)。
Using this hyperspectral data, scientists have mapped the location of sulfur deposits on the ice surface (green outline).
使用这个高光谱数据，科学家已经为冰面硫磺沉积物的位置绘制了地图(红色轮廓)。
The resulting gusts scour the ice surface, depositing snow on the other side instead of letting it build up against the station itself.
这样，被转移的强风冲刷着冰面，对面的积雪就不会堆积起来抵住科考站。
The culprit, according to a new study, is the Arctic's receding surface ice, which at current rates of decline could disappear entirely during summer months by century's end.
据最新研究表示，造成这种后果的罪魁祸首是北极圈上正在不断消失的冰层，若继续按照这种速度融化消失，在这个世纪末的夏季，冰层将完全消失不见。
The culprit, according to a new study, is the Arctic's receding surface ice, which at current rates of decline could disappear entirely during summer months by century's end.
据最新研究表示，造成这种后果的罪魁祸首是北极圈上正在不断消失的冰层，若继续按照这种速度融化消失，在这个世纪末的夏季，冰层将完全消失不见。
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