He and other biologists studying a wide variety of organisms have found that these particular RNA's direct, in large part, the synthesis of histones, a class of proteins that bind to DNA.
他和其他研究多种生物的生物学家发现，这些特殊的RNA在很大程度上直接影响组蛋白的合成，组蛋白是一类与DNA结合的蛋白质。
Once synthesized, the histones move into the cell nucleus, where a section of DNA wraps around them to form a structure that resembles beads, or knots, on a string.
一旦合成，组蛋白就会进入细胞核，细胞核内的DNA片段会将组蛋白包裹起来，形成一种类似串珠或绳结的结构。
组蛋白是碱性蛋白。
The histones are kind of like the spool.
组蛋白就像是线轴。
Histones that come together to form the core of the nucleosome.
在一起形成核小体核心的组蛋白。
Histones are proteins involved in regulating genes being turned on and off.
组蛋白是涉及到调控基因的蛋白质。
Histones are a group of proteins that are associated with chromosomes.
组蛋白是一类结合在染色体上的蛋白质。
An octa-mer of histones package DNA into a structure called a nucleosome.
一种组蛋白的八聚物把DNA打包成一种叫做核小体的结构。
Histones are the principal structural proteins of eucaryotic chromosomes.
组蛋白是真核细胞染色体中的主要结构蛋白。
And the DNA is wrapped around the histones like a few wraps of thread around a spool.
而DNA就像是一些缠绕在线轴上的线一样，缠绕在组蛋白周围。
Where long strands of DNA are tightly coiled around a group of proteins called "histones."
其中的DNA长链盘绕紧密围绕一个名为“组蛋白的蛋白质组。”
Histones organize the DNA and keep it from getting tangled, much like thread wrapped around a spool.
组蛋白组织DNA并防止它杂乱，很像线缠在线轴上。
Chromatin consists of coiled DNA bound to basic proteins called histones and non-histone proteins.
染色质由卷曲的DNA、组蛋白和非组蛋白组成。
This modification is either the addition of methyl groups to the DNA or of acetyl groups to the histones.
这种改性或者是甲基增至DNA中，或者是乙酰基增加到组蛋白中。
Histones are characterized by numerous posttranslational modifications that influence gene transcription.
组蛋白的特点是大量的翻译后修饰，这些修饰可以影响基因转录。
Histones are protein - found in eukaryotic cell nuclei, tightly bound to DNA, which has many phosphate groups.
组蛋白是存在于真核细胞核中的与含很多磷酸基团的DNA紧密结合的蛋白质。
Histones make up the spool of proteins around which DNA winds so that it is packaged compactly in the nucleus.
组蛋白组成蛋白线轴，DNA缠绕在它的周围，使DNA紧密地包装在细胞核中。
The second purpose is to change chromatin structure and, hence, the physical interactions between histones and DNA.
第二个目的是为了改变染色质结构以及组蛋白与DNA之间的物理相互作用。
Combinations of covalent modifications on histones that have a functional significance and are recognized by proteins.
在组蛋白上发生的共价修饰组合，具有功能意义，能被蛋白质识别。
Histone H3 is one of the four histones, along with H2A, H2B, and H4, which form the eukaryotic nucleosome octamer core.
组蛋白H3与其他类型的组蛋白分子H2A，H2B，H4共同构成了真核生物核小体的八聚体核心。
Epigenetic marks, such as the modifications of the histones, are also important for the specialisation of the body's cells.
表观遗传标记，例如组蛋白修饰，对于机体细胞的分化也很重要。
New methods now allow researchers to sometimes directly show which genes have been activated or deactivated by the histones.
新方法现在允许某些时候研究人员直接显示那些基因由于组蛋白而被激活或失活。
Histones also play a role in turning genes on so that their coded instructions can be copied and sent to other parts of the cell.
组蛋白还起到了基因开关的作用，因此它们编码的信息可以被复制并且传递到细胞的其它部位。
It has been known for some time that the acetylation of N-termini of core histones in nucleosome is associated with gene activation.
人们很早就注意到，真核细胞中核小体核心组蛋白N-端尾部的乙酰化水平与基因活化密切相关。
The core consists of 140 base pair of DNA wrapped around a globular histone bead containing two each of histones H2A, H2B, H3 and H4.
核小体核心由140个碱基对的DNA围绕一个组蛋白小球组成，每一个组蛋白小球包含两个H_2A、H_2B、H3和H4的四聚体分子。
Luger and her colleagues next packaged the modified histones they received from Shokat's group into recombinant nucleosomes and chromatin.
Luger和他的同事随即包装了从Shokat小组得来的修饰过的组蛋白，形成核小体和染色质的重组体。
The function of plant genomes depends on chromatin marks such as the methylation of DNA and the post-translational modification of histones.
植物基因组的功能依赖于染色质标记，诸如dna的甲基化和组蛋白的转录后修饰。
In normal cells, the BRCA1 protein keeps these regions silent by tagging histones, or DNA packaging proteins, with a molecule called ubiquitin.
在正常细胞中，通过组蛋白标记或DNA包装蛋白，在泛素分子的作用下，BRCA1蛋白使这些区域保持沉默。
"The ability of our laboratory to make homogeneous histones with the appropriate methylation was essential for the crystallography," said Shokat.
“我们实验室制作适当甲基化的均质组蛋白的能力对与晶体学是必需的，”Shokat说。
"The ability of our laboratory to make homogeneous histones with the appropriate methylation was essential for the crystallography," said Shokat.
“我们实验室制作适当甲基化的均质组蛋白的能力对与晶体学是必需的，”Shokat说。
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