This traditional international order came into fierce col l ision with the modern international system when Western powers determined to make China open its door to them, with great losses for China.
随着西方列强决意打开中国的大门，东亚传统的国际秩序与近代国际体系发生了激烈的碰撞。
This traditional international order came into fierce col l ision with the modern international system when Western powers determined to make China open its door to them, with great losses for China.
随着西方列强决意打开中国的大门，东亚传统的国际秩序与近代国际体系发生了激烈的碰撞。
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