The results of those simple model of GPS leveling are often unstable.
GPS水准的单一模型在逼近高程异常曲面时其拟合效果往往不稳定。
The distribution of the GPS leveling points obviously affects the accuracy of interpolated GPS height.
水准联测点的分布状况对GPS高程的拟合精度有明显影响。
The quasi-geoid computed by geopotential model is fitted with the quasi-geoid measured by GPS leveling.
将地球位模型计算的阜新似大地水准面拟合于GPS水准实测的似大地水准面。
Whether GPS leveling will substitute common leveling or no is an important problem that people concerned.
能否利用GPS水准代替常规的水准测量是人们关注的问题之一。
This paper is mainly about how to improve moving surface method of GPS leveling by means of earth's gravity field model.
为此，提出利用地球重力场模型改进GPS水准中移动曲面法的方法。
AimIn order to improve approximating precision and reliability of GPS leveling of imitated model in approximating abnormal height curved surface.
目的为了提高GPS水准的拟合模型在逼近高程异常曲面时的逼近精度和可信度。
The reason why GPS leveling cant be used for height transfer across obstacle is that the height datum of both sides of obstacle is not consistent.
GPS水准无法直接应用于跨障碍高程传递，其关键原因在于障碍物两侧的高程基准不一致。
Through using actual GPS leveling fitting data in a large-scale area, it introduces the application of optimum function model choice and the related analysis method.
文中通过一个大测区GPS水准实测数据，说明拟合模型优选准则的应用以及具体分析方法。
The unreasonably distributed GPS leveling points make some GPS points have too big extrapolated distance, which causes the extrapolated points have too low accuracy.
水准联测点分布不合理，使某些拟合点的外推距离太大，导致外推点的精度太差。
The key of GPS leveling across sea is that the height datum on each side of channel is not consistent, so the general geometrical fitting method can not be used directly.
GPS跨海水准的关键问题是海峡两侧的高程基准不一致，因此无法采用常规的数值拟合方法。
Theoretic study and experiment show that the new method solves the problem which simplex GPS leveling can't connect different height systems and so it is an effectively precise method.
理论研究和实验表明，新方法克服了单纯GPS水准无法连接不同高程系统的困难，是一种有效的高精度方法。
Model errors are inevitably existed in a large-scale GPS leveling fitting model. This paper mainly deals with such model errors and on how to choose the fitting function model of GPS level.
大范围GPS水准拟合模型，必然存在模型误差，考虑模型误差，如何选取GPS水准的拟合模型是本文讨论的主题。
The paper introduces the theory, methods and ways to be realized upon how to strengthen and improve the leveling network of astronomy and gravity with the application of GPS leveling point.
介绍如何利用GPS水准点加强和改善天文重力水准网的原理、方法及实现的途径。
To improve the GPS leveling fitting accuracy of hilly terrain and to build the adaptive fitting model of the coverage, this article USES the multidimensional function method to fit the height anomaly.
为提高丘陵地区GPS水准拟合精度，建立适合当地测区的拟合模型，采用多面函数法对高程异常进行拟合。
At present, GPS plane control net is widely applied, but the GPS elevation is not used widely. The people expect that the GPS elevation surveying can take the place of the conventional leveling.
当前，GPS平面控制网已经得到了广泛的运用，但是GPS高程却运用得不够，人们期望着能够用GPS高程测量代替传统的水准测量。
The comparison of isoline map measured by GPS with that by leveling shows that in entire trend they, except South China block, agree with each other basically.
对基于GPS观测所得的等值线图与基于水准观测所得的等值线图进行了比较，比较结果显示，除了华南块体外，二者在整体趋势上比较一致。
To determine the relative positions of them, the GPS technique, traditional direction and range survey, and precise leveling are adopted in this paper.
本文采用GPS技术及常规的方向、距离和精密水准测量对三个站进行了空间归心测量。
Generally, under the case of enough amounts and evenly distributed of coincident points, the accuracy of GPS height fitting can meet the requirement of the fourth order leveling network.
一般在重合点数量充足且分布均匀的情况下，GPS高程拟合的精度可达到四等水准网的精度要求。
A new method in this paper is offered to solve the question, which is based on astronomical leveling and USES GPS to measure height anomaly difference between both sides of obstacle.
为解决这一问题，本文提出了一种基于天文水准原理的GPS方法，通过测定障碍物两侧的高程异常差来实现高程传递。
The paper introduces the bed leveling technique with underwater rail suspended on barge and positioned by GPS in deep water channel regulation works at estuary of Yangtze River.
介绍了基床悬吊刮道GPS定位整平工艺在长江口深水航道治理工程中的应用情况，着重介绍了工作原理、施工准备、施工步骤、技术要求和特殊情况下的施工问题。
The results show that GPS astronomical leveling is an effective method for height transfer across obstacle at a long distance with high precision.
研究结果表明：天文GPS水准方法是一种远距离、高精度跨障碍高程传递方法。
The study and experimentation based on the above thought show that GPS astronomical leveling is an effective and high precision method for height transfer across obstacle with long distance.
根据以上设想进行的研究试验表明，“天文GPS水准”克服了单纯GPS水准无法连接不同高程系统的困难，对于远距离跨障碍高程传递是一种有效的高精度方法。
GPS technique, combined with the high precision geodetic level model, can replace the traditional low-grade leveling, and realizes 3d GPS positioning function on the meaning of geometry and physics.
GPS技术结合高精度、高分辨率的大地水准面模型可以取代传统的低等级水准测量，真正实现GPS定位技术在几何和物理意义上的三维定位功能。
By this method, leveling and GPS-RTK survey can be carried out at the same time, which can increase work efficiency and reduce job time.
采用本文的方法，可使RTK平面和高程放样与水准测量工作同时进行，有利于提高作业效率，缩短工期。
The software based on the above studies has some functions that it can guide the layout and detect gross errors of GPS-leveling points.
在此基础上编制的GPS水准拟合软件，具有可以指导GPS水准点的布设、检验GPS水准点中的粗差等功能。
Some popular methods for GPS-leveling fitting are compared. The advantages of an improved method with height anomaly model are pointed out specially.
针对目前GPS水准拟合中几种主要方法及其存在的问题进行了讨论，特别指出了顾及高程异常模型的改进方法的优点。
Some popular methods for GPS-leveling fitting are compared. The advantages of an improved method with height anomaly model are pointed out specially.
针对目前GPS水准拟合中几种主要方法及其存在的问题进行了讨论，特别指出了顾及高程异常模型的改进方法的优点。
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