The SDR was created in 1969, during the Bretton Woods fixed exchange-rate system, because of concerns that there was insufficient liquidity to support global economic activity.
SDR始创于1969年，当时正处于布雷顿森林固定汇率体系中。创立其目的是为了解决当时支持全球经济活动资金流动性不足的问题。
Latvia, which maintains a fixed exchange rate with the euro, has not got very far with this strategy, despite a world record loss of more then 25% of GDP in just two years.
拉脱维亚(本国货币和欧元保持固定汇率)正在实施这样的措施，但除了在两年间GDP下滑超过25%之外，没什么别的成效。
The economic collapse, when inflows of capital halt, can be very painful - even more so if a fixed exchange rate (or currency union) demands a period of falling nominal wages and prices.
当资本流入停滞的时候，经济崩溃可能是非常痛苦的——如果固定汇率(或货币联盟)要求名义工资和价格在一定时期内下降，情况就更加糟糕。
The thing that the authors put most emphasis on is the role of surplus countries in fixed exchange-rate schemes.
这两名作者强调最多的一点是顺差国家在固定汇率体制下能够发挥的作用。
There is nothing the European Commission can do about the side-effects of a fixed exchange rate and a single interest rate for the euro area—they are inherent to a single currency.
欧盟委员会对于欧元区实行固定汇率和单一利率产生的副作用无能为力—各国都被单一货币粘在了一起。
The reference rate of the renminbi, or yuan, was fixed at 7.9598 against the greenback yesterday.The rate is set by the central bank each day as the central parity for foreign exchange trade.
中央银行昨日公布的人民币兑美元参考汇率为7.9598，此汇率为外汇交易的中间价，由央行每日公布。
The 1930s gold standard was a fixed exchange rate system in which deficit countries were required to adjust by way of deflation rather than devaluation.
上世纪30年代实行的“金本位制”是一种固定汇率制度，赤字国家必须通过通缩、而非汇率贬值的方式进行调整。
The value of an SDR is defined as the value of a fixed amount of yen, dollars, pounds and euros, expressed in dollars at the current exchange rate.
SDR的价值通过固定数量的日元，美元，英镑和欧元来定义，通过美元的当前汇率来表示。
The reference rate of the renminbi, or yuan, was fixed at 7.9598 against the greenback yesterday. The rate is set by the central bank each day as the central parity for foreign exchange trade.
中央银行昨日公布的人民币兑美元参考汇率为7.9598，此汇率为外汇交易的中间价，由央行每日公布。
Currently there exist different combinations of floating and fixed exchange rate systems, together with specific economical instruments, created for exchange rate regulating.
目前存在的不同组合的浮动和固定汇率制度，创造了特定的经济工具进行汇率调整。
The history of world exchange rate systems shows us that the world community (in its majority) has in fact shifted from the system of fixed exchange rates to floating exchange rate system.
世界汇率制度的历史告诉我们，世界各地的社区(在多数)事实上已经从固定汇率制转向浮动汇率制度。
In 1997, macroeconomic stability was reinforced by the imposition of a fixed exchange rate of the Lev against the German DM and the negotiation of an IMF standby agreement.
1997年整体经济的稳定性得到了进一步巩固，主要是由于列弗(lev)和德国货币DM的兑换率稳定并且和国际货币基金组织建立了对本国具有支持性的协议。
They made mistakes: a fixed exchange rate and unregulated bank privatisations triggered a massive recession and financial collapse in 1982-83. More pragmatic policies and a renewal of growth followed.
他们在经济上犯了一系列错误：混合汇率制，放任银行私有化，导致82- 83年的市场委靡和经济崩溃，即便后来出现了更多务实的政策使经济有所恢复。
There are two broad types of exchange rate regimes: the Fixed exchange rate regime and the Flexible (Floating) Exchanges rate regime.
汇率制度可以分为两种类型：固定汇率制度和浮动汇率制度。然而实际上存在着多种不同的中间状态的汇率制度。
Before the First World War, the gold standard created a fixed exchange rate system as each country pegged the value of its currency to gold to establish its par value.
第一次民界大战之前，金本位制建立了固定汇率制，每个国家通过将本国货币与黄金挂钩来确定其货币的平价。
The rate of foreign exchange, once established, was supposedly fixed.
这个汇率一旦制定就被认为是固定不变的。
All other things being equal credit conditions in China should be easy under a fixed or managed exchange rate system and a large balance of payments surplus.
若其它因素不变，在实行固定或有管理的汇率体制及国际收支大笔盈余的情况下，中国的信贷环境应是宽松的。
In the background of globalization, the float exchange rate system will return to the fixed one, in the form of currency unions.
全球化背景下浮动汇率制将以货币联盟的形式向固定汇率制复归。
The reputation mechanism of the exchange rate policy, has considered as the most convincing research idea about the current analyzing issue of the maintenance of the fixed exchange rate regime.
汇率政策信誉机制，被看作是当前分析固定汇率制可维持问题上最具说服力的一种研究思路。
Owing to the change of internal and external economy surrounding, "Super-fixed" exchange rate in China already influences our country's economy.
由于国内外经济环境的变化，我国“超稳定”的汇率已经给我国经济带来一些负面影响。
This paper first analyses the structure of the exchange rate market and points out that characteristics of currency shock can be purposely made under the fixed foreign exchange rate.
本文首先对外汇市场结构进行分析，提出固定汇率制下，货币冲击可蓄意制造的特征。
Bretton Woods Conference1944 conference at which an international fixed exchange rate was created based on the U. S. dollar pegged to the price of gold.
布雷顿森林会议1944年召开的国际会议，国际固定汇率以美元为基础确定，美元钉住黄金价格。
One of the most debated issues in international economics concerns the choice ofexchange rate regime and the 'pros' and 'cons' of fixed versus flexible or floating exchange rates.
在国际经济事物中最具争议的问题之一是关于选择多种交换的汇率制度以及优点可缺点混杂的固定与灵活的浮动汇率。
After analyzing historical progress of European monetary unification, we find out that most member states in Euro area prefer to choose fixed exchange rate regimes.
通过对欧洲货币一体化的历史进程进行分析，发现多数欧元成员国偏向选择固定汇率制度。
Bretton Woods conference 1944 conference at which an international fixed exchange rate was created based on the U. S. dollar pegged to the price of gold.
布雷顿森林会议1944年召开的国际会议，国际固定汇率以美元为基础确定，美元钉住黄金价格。
In the background of globalization, the float exchange rate system will return to the fixed one,...
全球化背景下浮动汇率制将以货币联盟的形式向固定汇率制复归。
The same is true of interest rate swaps, which allow two parties to exchange fixed rate for floating rate risk to their mutual advantage.
利率互换的情形也一样，这种互换允许双方以固定利率取代浮动利率的风险，从而使双方获益。
The floating exchange rate is fixed exchange rate of symmetry.
浮动汇率是固定汇率的对称。
The floating exchange rate is fixed exchange rate of symmetry.
浮动汇率是固定汇率的对称。
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