The root canals in mandibular first premolars failed to be treated;
目的 确定人上颌第一前磨牙的颊舌向根管弯曲程度和情况。
Absence of more than two first premolars or absence of a first and a second premolar.
缺少超过两个第一前臼齿或者一个第一和一个第二前臼齿。
Methods 20 subjects were chosen with 4 first premolars extraction based on diagnosis.
方法选择拔除4颗第一双尖牙的患者2 0例，采用方丝弓技术治疗。
Conclusions: The roots of maxillary first premolars possesses a variety of canal system types.
结论：上颌第一前磨牙的根管类型相对复杂。
Objective To investigate root canal curvatures of human maxillary first premolars in buccolingual directions.
目的研究上颌第一前磨牙根管颊舌向的弯曲情况。
PURPOSE: to investigate the effect of root canal anatomy in maxillary first premolars on root canal treatment difficulty.
目的：探讨上颌第一前磨牙的根管解剖形态对根管治疗术难度的影响。
PURPOSE: to investigate the effect of root canal anatomy in maxillary first premolars on root canal treatment difficulty.
目的：探讨上颌第一前磨牙的根管解剖形态对根管治疗术难度的影响。
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