The United States central bank, the Federal Reserves says it will keep interest rates close to zero for an extended period.
美国中央银行美联储称将继续提供接近零利率贷款更长时间。
On the liability side, there are also two major figures: Demand deposits held by the commercial Banks, which constitute the reserves of those Banks; and Federal reserve Notes, cash emitted by the Fed.
在美联储资产负债表的负债表一栏里有两个主要组成部分：商业银行持有的活期存款，也即它们的准备金；和联邦储备券，即由美联储发行的现金。
The Federal reserve itself determines its own liabilities very simply: by buying or selling assets, which in turn increases or decreases bank reserves by the same amount.
而联邦储备银行则自行决定自身的负债，方法则非常简单：通过购买和出售资产，反过来这亦会等量的增加和减少商业银行的准备金。
Why should US Banks go to the bother of loaning out all of their increased reserves to gain interest if the Federal reserve is already paying them interest on their reserves?
如果联储对银行的准备金支付利息那么银行还会自讨其烦将全部本可用于增加准备金的资金用于放贷而获益么？
The greenback overtook sterling in reserves barely a decade after the founding of the Federal Reserve in 1913 as the backstop of dollar liquidity.
1913年美联储成立来控制美元流通性之后只过了大概十年美元就在外汇储备上赶过了英镑。
The Federal Housing Agency has insured so many dubious mortgages that it's already fallen below its legally-mandated reserves.
美国联邦住房管理局为太多可疑的抵押贷款提供了担保，其储备资金已低于法律要求的水平。
As of October 9, the Federal reserve began paying interest on excess and required reserves.
就在10月9日，联储开始对多余的和要求的准备金支付利息。
And second, how those reserves are affected by both Federal reserve actions and other factors.
其次，这些储备如何受到联邦储备系统的活动以及其他因素的影响。
When business in the United States underwent a mild contraction in 1927, the Federal Reserve created more paper reserves in the hope of forestalling any possible bank reserve shortage.
当美国经济在忍受1927的紧缩时，联邦储备当局印制了更多的票据储备以期预防任何有可能出现的银行储备短缺问题。
For America's homebuyers, credit is certainly available. The Federal Housing Agency has insured so many dubious mortgages that it's already fallen below its legally-mandated reserves.
美国买房者获得信贷肯定不成问题。美国联邦住房管理局为太多可疑的抵押贷款提供了担保，其储备资金已低于法律要求的水平。
Mr Bernanke suggested, for instance, that the fed could temporarily target the interest rate it paid on excess reserves, rather than the federal funds rate.
譬如，伯南克建议美联储应该暂时从超额存款准备金的支付利率下手，而不是联邦基金利率。
Eichengreen. The greenback overtook sterling in reserves barely a decade after the founding of the Federal reserve in 1913 as the backstop of dollar liquidity.
美国在1913年建立美联储作为美元流动性的后盾，之后仅仅10年美元就取代英镑成为了储备货币。
The reserve requirement now is 10% 10% on demand deposits so they're forced to keep those reserves and much of that is in the form of deposits at the Federal Reserve Banks.
现在的法定准备金率%，在活期存款上是，所以它们被强迫持有这些准备金，并且一大部分是在联邦储备银行，存着的。
It sees excess reserves as a problem only if they overwhelm its ability to raise the federal funds rate when need arises.
它把过多的储备金看成一个问题只有当储备金超过自身能力来上调联邦资金率当需求上升时。
It sees excess reserves as a problem only if they overwhelm its ability to raise the federal funds rate when need arises.
它把过多的储备金看成一个问题只有当储备金超过自身能力来上调联邦资金率当需求上升时。
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