That could be a very false conclusion.
这样的结论实属错误。
Yes. Yes yes. And true premises false conclusion?
对对对，真前提假结论？
A wrong result is bound to get a false conclusion.
错误的结果必然得出错误的结论。
How about false premises false conclusion could it be valid?
假前提假结论可能有效吗？
And it's all too easy to reach the false conclusion that the danger is past.
人们很容易做出错误的判断，认为危险已经过去了。
And this is the combination of true premises and false conclusion that's ruled out.
这里真前提和假结论的结合，是被排除的。
One of the interesting things about valid arguments as you'll see is that they can have false conclusion.
关于有效论点的一件很有意思的事，就像你们看到他们可能有错误的结论。
It's the possibility of combination of true premises and false conclusion that is ruled out not just the actuality of the combination.
真前提和假结论结合的可能性，被排除了，不只是结合的实际性。
If that premise is true then that conclusion is false.
如果那个前提是真的，那么结论就是假的。
And if the conclusion is true then the premise is false.
如果结论是真的，那么前提就是假的。
That's why truth preservingness is useful in whatever the situation is, even if the conclusion is false.
这就是为什么真理保留是有用的,不管情境如何，即使结论为假。
They are both invalid there are possible situation where the premise is true and the conclusion false they are not good arguments.
他们都是无效的，有可能的情境，前提为真结论为假，他们都不是好论点。
Sentence statements can be true or false, so premises can be true or false, conclusion can be true or false but arguments can't be.
句子论述可能或真或假，所以前提前提可能或真或假，结论可能或真或假，但是论点不能。
A situation where both those premises are true and that conclusion is false.
这种情况下，两个前提都为真，但结论是假的。
False premises and a true conclusion, could it be valid?
假前提和真结论，可能有效吗？
Yep you're quite right. False premises True conclusion.
是，你们很对，假前提真结论。
So if we see the conclusion of a valid argument is false what do you know? A little bit longer.
如果我们看到有效论点的结论为假，你们知道什么？有一点长。
That's right. So if you have a valid argument a deductively valid argument in which the conclusion is false then you know one of the premises must be false.
对，所以如果论点有效，一个演绎的有效论点中结论是假的，你就知道前提中有一项是假的。
Could this premise be true and the conclusion false?
前提为真结论为假可能吗？
Is there any possible situation where that premise is true and that conclusion false?
有没有可能的情境，前提为真结论为假？
Because there is no possible situation in which the premises are true and the conclusion false.
因为没有可能情境，其中前提为真结论为假。
No sorry there are no possible situation where the premises are true and the conclusion false. Is there?
不是，没有可能情境，前提为真结论为假，不是吗？
Okay so the only thing that's ruled out in arguments being valid is the possibility, not the actuality, of the combination of the premises being true and the conclusion false.
好，唯一能排除论点有效性的是，是可能性，不是实际性，而是真前提，和假结论的结合。
But let me ask again, is there any possible situation where that premise is true and that conclusion is false.
但是我再问问，有没有可能，前提为真结论为假。
If the premises could be true together with the conclusion being false then the argument is invalid.
如果前提可能为真，同时结论为假，论点有效。
And I am saying actually the discovery that the valid argument is that the conclusion in which is false can be hugely important.
我说实际上发现那是有效论点，结论为假，可能很重要。
So have a look at that. Is there a s situation in which the premises could be true and the conclusion false.
所以看看吧，有没有一个情境，前提为真结论为假。
If there isn't any possible situation where the conclusion is false.
如果没有可能情境，结论为假。
Is this a situation in which the premises are both true and the conclusion false? No.
这个情况中前提都为真，结论为假？不。
The only thing that's ruled out in arguments being valid is the possibility of the combination of the premises being true and the conclusion false.
唯一排除论点有效性的是,真前提和假结论,结合的可能性。
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