New methods developed in genetic research have led taxonomists to revise their views on the evolutionary relationships between many species.
遗传研究中出现的新方法使分类学家修正了他们对许多物种间进化关系的看法。
Darwin's original thesis, and the viewpoint supported by evolutionary gradualists, is that species change continuously but slowly and in small increments.
达尔文最初的论点以及进化渐进主义者所支持的观点是，物种的变化是持续的，但非常缓慢，增量也很小。
Following each mass extinction, there is a sudden evolutionary burst as new species develop to fill the ecological niches opened by the event.
在每一次物种大灭绝后，都有一次突然的进化爆发，因为会有新物种出现来填补灭绝创造的生态位。
The evolutionary effect of competition on species has been referred to as "species selection"; however, this description is potentially misleading.
竞争对物种的进化效应被称为“物种选择”；然而，这种描述可能具有误导性。
Competition among species is of considerable evolutionary importance.
物种间的竞争在进化上具有相当重要的意义。
"Only a small percentage of alien species cause problems in their new habitats," said Don Smith, professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the University of Tennessee.
田纳西大学生态学和进化生物学教授唐·史密斯说：“只有一小部分外来物种会在新栖息地引发问题。”
"Only a small percentage of alien species cause problems in their new habitats,'' said Don Smith, professor of ecology and evolutionary biology at the University of Tennessee.
“只有一小部分外来物种会在它们的新栖息地引发问题。”田纳西大学生态学和进化生物学教授唐·史密斯说。
And researchers at the Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology have shown that species that sleep more have greater resistance against pathogens.
马克斯·普朗克考古人类学研究所的研究员也发现睡得多的物种对病原体有更强的抵抗力。
In evolutionary biology, the definition of a distinct species is not entirely clear-cut.
在进化生物学中，一个不同的物种的定义并不完全明确。
It is not the first time scientists have suggested these species could be evolutionary dead ends. But the Malapa fossils bring more clout to the debate.
这不是第一次科学家提出这些物种可能进化到了极致，但马拉帕化石让争论更具有影响力。
For 150 years, a species called Archaeopteryx has been regarded as the first true bird, representing a major evolutionary step away from dinosaurs.
150年来，一个物种叫“始祖鸟”已经被当作是第一只真正的鸟，代表着从恐龙进化后的一大步。
The idea that conforming would bring pleasure makes evolutionary sense for a social species.
从众会带来愉悦感，这个论点使社会物种的进化讲得通了。
An analysis based on the relationship between the species, though, shows that evolutionary lines can swap from spots to no spots, and vice versa, as the habitat dictates.
基于物种关系的一个分析表明，进化路线有时是从有斑点到无斑点，有时又反过来，这取决于栖息地在哪里。
Researchers from the Evolutionary Biology Centre, Uppsala, Sweden and the Donana Biological Station, Seville, Spain studied 82 species of birds from 22 families.
瑞典乌普萨拉进化生物学中心及西班牙塞维利亚多纳纳生物站的研究人员对22个科的82个种的鸟进行了研究。
Population growth also puts people in close proximity to domestic animals, creating evolutionary pressures and opportunities for pathogens to jump the species barrier.
人口增长还导致人们与家禽比邻而居，造成了病原体跨越种属屏障的进化压力和机会。
Researchers now say they have determined the evolutionary relationships among the various species of box jellyfish, providing insight into the evolution of their toxicity.
现在，研究人员声称他们已经弄清了不同类型的箱形水母之间的进化关系，从而为其毒性的进化提供了认识。
If it is to reflect its evolutionary origins (as taxonomists would prefer) the genus needs to be divided up into many more smaller genera in which the species have similar characteristics.
如果一个物种是从进化源头一步步进化过来的(分类学家们这么认为)，总属分化出来的各个分属里的物种应当具有相同的特征。
If superintelligent aliensappeared and claimed credit for creating life on earth (or evenparticular species), the purely evolutionary explanation would be castin doubt.
如果具有超常智慧的外星人出现，并声称自己创造了地球上的生物（甚至是特殊物种），则纯粹的进化论解释就值得质疑。
Our species began to depart from our natural hunter-gatherer lifestyle as recently as 10,000 years ago - too short to measure on the evolutionary timescale.
我们这个物种只不过在大约10万年前才与我们自然的狩猎—采集生活方式告别——这在进化的时间尺度上短到无法测量的程度。
Our species began to depart from our natural hunter-gatherer lifestyle as recently as 10, 000 years ago - too short to measure on the evolutionary timescale.
我们这个物种只不过在大约10万年前才与我们自然的狩猎—采集生活方式告别——这在进化的时间尺度上短到无法测量的程度。
Work done a couple of years ago by Mark Pagel of Reading University, in England, suggests that about a fifth of evolutionary change happens jerkily at around the time new species form.
英格兰雷丁大学的MarkPagel数年之前的研究表明在新物种形成时大约1/5的进化上的改变是“不平稳的”。
"We were interested whether behavioural flexibility can increase the chance of a given species to successfully colonise cities," explained evolutionary biology expert Dr Alexei Maklakov.
“我们的兴趣在于行为灵活性能否提高某个种在城市成功立足的几率，”进化生物学专家AlexeiMaklakov博士解释说。
The discovery suggests meat was on the menu far back in our evolutionary history, and long before the arrival of the first human species, Homo habilis, 2.3m years ago.
这一发现表明在我们的进化史上，其实很久以前就开始进食肉类，而且比230万年前第一个人种能人（Homohabilis）出现的时间还要早很多。
Since all instinctive behaviors have an evolutionary advantage or they would not have been retained for millions of years, chances are that this one too has helped us survive as a species.
由于所有的本能行为都有进化优势，否则就不会被留传下来了达百万年之久，很可能吃些脏东西也能帮助我们作为一个物种生存下来。
They can solve problems thatno individual fly in the evolutionary history of the species has solvedbefore.
它们甚至能解决在它们物种的进化史上还没有单个果蝇解决过的问题。
For the most part, it would seem the answer is "yes" and the reason is deeply rooted in the evolutionary soil of our species.
一般认为，答案是肯定的，这只是个神话。归结原因，这与人类的进化有着很大的关系。
Because this effect has been observed in three primate species, most recently in a study of chimpanzees, it suggests this effect has evolutionary roots.
因为人们已在三个灵长类生物间发现了这种效应。最近的是在一个关于黑猩猩的研究中，它提出这种效应有进化论的根基。
From an evolutionary perspective, fear served a valuable purpose in assuring our survival as a species.
从进化角度来看，恐惧在保证我们作为一个物种生存下来的方面起来非常重要的作用。
From an evolutionary perspective, fear served a valuable purpose in assuring our survival as a species.
从进化角度来看，恐惧在保证我们作为一个物种生存下来的方面起来非常重要的作用。
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