In a sense, the epigenome is the genome's boss.
从某种意义上说，表观基因是基因的老板。
Beck's work focuses on how changes to the epigenome can lead to cancer.
贝克的研究着重于表观基因组的变化如何导致癌症。
A full epigenome map will require major advances in computing power.
一张完整的外基因地图还要求计算机能力有重大突破。
After about a week the scientists take out the worms. They look for changes in the worms' epigenome.
一周后科学家将蠕虫取出，然后观察蠕虫表观基因组的改变。
The epigenome is a molecular marking system that controls gene expression without altering the DNA sequence.
表观基因是在不改变DNA序列的前提下控制基因表达的分子标记系统。
Biologists offer this analogy as an explanation: if the genome is the hardware, then the epigenome is the software.
生物学家打了一个比喻：如果基因是硬件，那么外基因就是软件。
(The epigenome governs patterns of gene expression.) This reprogramming could explain how we are indeed evolving so fast.
(外部基因控制着基因的外部表现形式)这种改变能够解释我们为什么会胖得如此之快。
Many genes help to prevent tumours from growing, but disruption of the epigenome can switch these protective genes off by accident.
许多基因有助于防止肿瘤的生长，但表观基因组遭到破坏时，可能会碰巧把这些具有保护作用的基因切换到关闭状态。
Previous studies suggest that changes in our environment, from what we eat to what we breathe in, can cause damage to the epigenome.
之前的研究表明，我们所处环境的变化——从饮食环境到空气环境，都可能损害表观基因组。
"This means that the alcohol was affecting the epigenome of the mice - controlling whether their genes were switched on or off," says Chong.
“这意味着酒精影响了小鼠的表观基因组——控制基因的开启或关闭，”Chong说。
We here review the current state of knowledge regarding the contribution of the epigenome toward the development of psychiatric disorders.
这里，我们回顾了有关表观组对精神疾病的进展的贡献的知识现状。
The epigenome can be disrupted by smoking, ageing, stress, atmospheric pollution, what we eat and drink, and a host of other environmental factors.
吸烟、衰老、压力、大气污染、我们的饮食及许多其他环境因素都能对表观基因组造成破坏。
For a decade, scientists have been trying to decipher what they call the human "epigenome", or the pattern of chemical switches in all 200 types of human cell.
十年来，科学家一直在试图破解他们所称为的人类“表观基因组”，即所有200种人类细胞中的化学开关模式。
By comparing this with the epigenomes of diseased cells, scientists will be able to work out how glitches in the epigenome lead to cancers and other diseases.
通过比较该图谱与病变细胞的表观基因组，科学家将能够弄清表观基因组的变异如何引起癌症及其他疾病的问题。
When completed, the Human Epigenome Project (already under way in Europe) will make the Human genome Project look like homework that 15th century kids did with an abacus.
一旦完成外基因计划(欧洲已经开始了)，人类基因计划看起来就像15世纪的孩子用算盘做数学作业，非常小儿科了。
The epigenome contains additional information that is not brought by DNA sequence, and generates spatial and functional constraints that complement genetic instructions.
表观遗传包括很多信息并没有出现在DNA序列之中，在发育过程中环境限制了一部分基因的表达。
Darwin taught us that it takes many generations for a genome to evolve, but researchers have found that it takes only the addition of a methyl group to change an epigenome.
达尔文告诉我们基因进化需历经数代，而研究人员发现只有增加一组甲基，就能改变外基因。
When completed, the Human Epigenome Project (already under way in Europe) will make the Human Genome Project look like homework that 15th century kids did with an abacus .
一旦完成外基因计划（欧洲已经开始了），人类基因计划看起来就像15世纪的孩子用算盘做数学作业，非常小儿科了。
Understanding the whole human epigenome is expected to help scientists develop drugs that can reduce our risk of cancer and potentially reverse it even if it has become established.
我们希望，通过对整个人类表观基因组的认识，科学家能研制出可降低人类患癌风险、甚至可能治愈癌症的药物。
Stefan Beck, professor of medical genomics at University College London, said: "We've been working for years to get the epigenome project off the ground and finally it's happening."
伦敦大学学院医学基因组学教授斯特凡·贝克(Stefan Beck)说：“多年来我们一直努力完成这个表观基因组的研究项目，现在它终于圆满完成了。”
These patterns of gene expression are governed by the cellular material - the epigenome - that sits on top of the genome, just outside it (hence the prefix epi -, which means above).
基因表达模式(patternsof geneexpression)受细胞物质外基因所控。外基因，高于基因，通俗点说，基因之外(前缀epi-，意即上面)。
Humans carry a number of genes that stop tumours from growing, but disruption to the epigenome can effectively silence these genes, making it more likely a person will develop cancer.
人类携带有许多可以阻止肿瘤生长的基因，但是，如果表观基因组受到了破坏，就会有效地使这些基因沉默，使人体更有可能罹患癌症。
The epigenome are chemical markers that tell the DNA in the cells how to perform. The epigenome can be changed by the environment. And those changes pass from one generation of worms to the next.
表观基因组是能告诉细胞中DNA如何表现的化学性状，表观基因组可以被环境改变，这些改变从一代蠕虫传递到下一代。
The epigenome are chemical markers that tell the DNA in the cells how to perform. The epigenome can be changed by the environment. And those changes pass from one generation of worms to the next.
表观基因组是能告诉细胞中DNA如何表现的化学性状，表观基因组可以被环境改变，这些改变从一代蠕虫传递到下一代。
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