By taking cluster effects into account, it USES the energy-minimization multi-scale model to improve the drag force between gas and solid.
采用欧拉双流体模型，运用计及颗粒团聚效应的能量最小多尺度模型改进气固相间曳力。
Nonlinearities induced by free surface effects and viscous drag force are also included in this model.
还包括自由表面效应、粘性力等因素引起的非线性。
This paper proposes a 3d turbulence model, introducing vegetation density and drag force to the control equations of water flow with vegetation.
建立三维湍流模型，在水流控制方程中加入植被阻力项和植被密度项来考虑刚性植物对水动力特性和泥沙输运特性的影响。
The analysis of aerodynamic force data shows that differ front shape is very important to aerodynamic force. For example, coach model air drag coefficient can be lowed to 0.5759 from 0.7509.
试验数据分析结果表明，不同客车前部造型对气动力影响非常显著，如通过改善造型可使空气阻力系数由0.7509降为0.5759。
Based on the dependence of gas flow drag force on ash accumulation for rotary air heater, the converted pressure drop is proposed and ash monitoring model is derived.
基于回转式空气预热器受热面积灰程度与烟气侧流动阻力间的依赖关系及其相关影响因素，提出了折算压差的概念，推导了积灰监测的计算模型。
Based on the dependence of gas flow drag force on ash accumulation for rotary air heater, the converted pressure drop is proposed and ash monitoring model is derived.
基于回转式空气预热器受热面积灰程度与烟气侧流动阻力间的依赖关系及其相关影响因素，提出了折算压差的概念，推导了积灰监测的计算模型。
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