All of the following are outputs of cost estimating EXCEPT?
下列各项哪一项不是成本估算的输出？
Cost estimating is one of the most important steps in project management.
成本估算是项目管理中最重要的环节之一。
The paper presents concept of cost estimating throughout the machine life.
本文提出了通过机械设备生存期评估其成本的概念。
Which of the following techniques for cost estimating is considered the least accurate?
下列哪一项估算成本的技术是最不准确的?。
Taking gyrating parts as an example, the cost estimating method based on similarity is verified and analyzed by the example.
以回转类零件为例，对基于相似性的成本估算方法进行了实例应用验证和分析。
The cost oriented machine design and the methods of cost estimating like parametric estimating, feature based costing are discussed.
用参数化的方法进行面向机械设计的成本评估，同时讨论了基于零件特征的成本分析。
Based on the study of the domestic and international products' cost estimating method, the paper spreads out from four following respects.
在对国内外产品成本估算方法研究的基础上，本文的工作主要从以下四个方面展开。
For all the effort the Pentagon, the intelligence agencies and NASA put into it, cost estimating and judging life cycle costs is daunting work.
对于五角大楼、情报机构、美国国家航天和宇宙航行局所有的努力来说，预测本钱和判断全寿命费用是一项令人挠头的工作。
The conservative benefit and cost estimating technique is recommended for all discounted cash flow applications including comparative life-cost studies.
这种保守的好处和成本估算技术被为全部打折扣的现金收支建议包括比较生活费用的应用研究。
Since only the lowest bidder will be the winner of the contract in most bidding contests, any effort devoted to cost estimating is a loss to the contractor who is not a successful bidder.
由于在大多数工程招标中一般都是最低价中标，所以对于未中标者来说，在投标估价过程中的任何投入都是浪费。
Because of the increasing sharp competition of market, people pay more and more attention to the research on the product cost estimating at the stage of design and the design method of reducing cost.
日益加剧的市场竞争促使人们愈来愈重视对设计阶段的产品成本估算和降低产品成本的设计方法的研究。
The relations between design feature, machining feature and cost feature are studied. Cost estimating model based on feature mapping and its application method are presented in concurrent engineering.
研究了设计特征、工艺特征和成本特征之间的相互关系，按照并行工程思想，提出了与设计进程并行的基于特征映射的成本估算模型，研究了模型的实现方法。
The cost per kilowatt hour of solar power is figured by estimating the total power output of the solar panel over its 20 - to 25-year warranty.
太阳能输出电能的每度电成本是通过估算太阳能板在其20到25年的保修期间总输出电能来计算的。
Inevitably, as software projects, software products, and it environments all become more and more complex, so, too, does the task of estimating what they will cost and how long they will take.
由于软件项目、软件产品和IT环境不可避免地变得越来越复杂，因此评估项目的费用和项目的进度变得越来越难。
The challenge of accurately estimating cost and schedule is certainly part of the problem.
精确评估成本和日程的挑战已经成为主要的问题。
At the heart of this is the skill of estimating, particularly cost estimates.
本质上这是估算技能，尤其是成本估算。
And while a teardown doesn't account for the costs of design, software, manufacturing, or shipping, these cost estimates help fill in the blanks toward estimating the profit on each device sold.
但拆解并没有计入设计，软件，生产和运输的成本。这样的开销估算填补了对每一台售出设备的利润估计的空白。
Estimating the environmental cost of all that parking reveals that parking alone adds 10 percent to the CO2 emissions of your average automobile.
对停车的环境成本估计显示，仅停车一项就会给你的日常用车增加10%的二氧化碳排放。
Most software engineering texts spend some amount of copy on project planning and estimating, including tools like the Constructive Cost Model (COCOMO).
大多数软件工程学课本都花费篇幅介绍项目计划和估计，包括类似ConstructiveCostModel (COCOMO) 5这样的工具。
Assessing technical viability and estimating overall project cost.
评估技术可行性并且估计全面的项目成本。
Forget the important things: we can't even get it right when estimating the cost of a building-witness the massively over-budget Sydney Opera House or the new Wembley Stadium.
他们忘记了一些重要的事情：我们甚至不能准确预算一栋建筑的花费——悉尼歌剧院或是新温布莱体育场的大量超支就是这方面的例子。
This paper suggests Gray combined Model should be used in estimating the Engine Development Cost so as to solve the problem mentioned above.
为解决这一问题，研究了灰色组合模型在发动机研制费用估算中的应用。
Project cost Management includes the processes involved in planning, estimating, budgeting, and controlling costs so that the project can be completed within the approved budget.
项目成本管理包括与成本计划、成本估算、成本预算、成本控制相关的过程，用以确保项目能在核准预算内完成。
This paper analyses several methods of estimating the cost of software in software engineering.
本文分析了软件工程中的几种软件成本估算法。
Our major planning items contain estimating of cost and construction schedule.
我们主要的计划工作项目包括费用预算和施工进度。
And then according to the different characteristics and requirements of each phase, it analyzes the cost composing of this phase and establishes the estimating model respectively.
针对每个阶段的不同特点和要求，分析了该阶段的费用构成，并采用相应的方法建立了各自的估算模型。
Finally, use of the cost approach can be rather detailed, especially when estimating replacement or reproduction cost. This detail can obviously be very time-consuming and expensive.
最后，成本法的应用要求相当详尽，尤其在估算更新重置成本或复原重置成本时，显然这样做非常耗费时间和金钱。
Estimating the cost isn't too difficult to me.
估算成本对我来说并不太难。
On the basis of estimating the environmental cost of Yongcheng mining area in Henan Province, comprehensive value of economy-environment of a coal mine is appraised and analyzed.
在初步估算永城煤矿区的环境成本的基础上，对该矿区某矿井经济环境综合价值进行了评价和分析。
On the basis of estimating the environmental cost of Yongcheng mining area in Henan Province, comprehensive value of economy-environment of a coal mine is appraised and analyzed.
在初步估算永城煤矿区的环境成本的基础上，对该矿区某矿井经济环境综合价值进行了评价和分析。
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