Formulae on the base vectors and the coordinate variables derivative going with fluid particle and their application;
因为标量与坐标系无关，故两个矢量的点积称为标量不变量。
Say, polar coordinates. Let's say that I have a function but is defined in terms of the polar coordinate variables on theta.
比如说极坐标，有一个函数,是根据极坐标θ定义的。
We are finding a parametric equation for the sphere using two variables phi and theta which happen to be part of the spherical coordinate system.
我们建立有两个变量φ和θ的球面的参数方程,它们恰好是,球坐标系统的一部分。
I should say this is an example, in case you were wondering what I was doing. We have also actually seen how to change variables to more complicated coordinate systems.
这只是一个，为了不让你们迷茫的例子，以前我们也学过，怎样在更复杂的坐标系中替换变量。
For establishing the optimal target function we use the coordinate values as the unknown variables and thus the calculating formulas are further simplified.
在建立优化目标函数过程中采用座标形式为未知量，从而使计算公式更为简单。
To estimate flux magnitude and direction, a Kalman filter is built by using stator current and PM flux as state variables under magnetic field oriented coordinate.
通过选择磁场同步旋转坐标系下定子电流和永磁体磁链为状态变量，构建估算转子永磁体磁链幅值和方向的卡尔曼滤波器。
To estimate flux magnitude and direction, a Kalman filter is built by using stator current and PM flux as state variables under magnetic field oriented coordinate.
通过选择磁场同步旋转坐标系下定子电流和永磁体磁链为状态变量，构建估算转子永磁体磁链幅值和方向的卡尔曼滤波器。
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