The VRP was changed into a quasi-continuous problem by designing a new real coding. Constrained terms in VRP were processed by the penalty function.
设计了求解车辆路径问题的一种新的实数编码方案，将车辆路径问题转化成准连续优化问题，并采用罚函数法处理约束条件。
In a general case, the continuous problem and corresponding discrete form are formulated, in which the so called adjoint variable is introduced and then the adjoint equation is derived.
在一般化的意义上，给出了连续问题及其相应的离散形式。引入伴随变量，并由此导出伴随方程。
In a general case, the continuous problem and corresponding discrete form are formulated, in which the so called adjoint variable is introduced and then the adjoint equation is derived.
在一般化的意义上，给出了连续问题及其相应的离散形式。引入伴随变量，并由此导出伴随方程。
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