The R-groups give the amino acids their physical-chemical characteristics such as polarity (hydrophobic or hydrophilic) and charge (acidic or positive versus basic or negative).
R基团赋予氨基酸物理化学特性，例如极性（亲水性和疏水性）以及电荷（酸性或正电荷，碱性或负电荷）。
According to the semi classical model, by means of electrical characteristics analysis of R SET, it was proposed that the electrical performance of R SET was not affected by the background charge.
基于单电子系统半经典模型，分析了电阻耦合单电子晶体管的电学特性，得到其电学性能不随背景电荷分布变化的特点。
Krehbiel P R. M Brook. R a McCrory an analysis of the charge structure of lightning discharges to ground.
张义军。言穆弘。刘欣生不同地区雷暴电荷结构的模式研究。
Now lives in Shanghai, responsible for the company's R & D department, in charge of the work.
现定居于上海，主管、负责公司研发部工作。
Mr Autuori is a Design Dept Manager at Bouygues, in charge of underground engineering (especially tunnel project) and maritime project, concurrently in management of R&D.
菲利浦·奥图，法国布依格工程公司设计部门经理，负责地下工程（尤其是隧道项目）和海事工程，同时兼管技术研发。
Mr Autuori is a Design Dept Manager at Bouygues, in charge of underground engineering (especially tunnel project) and maritime project, concurrently in management of R&D.
菲利浦·奥图，法国布依格工程公司设计部门经理，负责地下工程（尤其是隧道项目）和海事工程，同时兼管技术研发。
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