Many researchers fault case-control work as being a weak method for showing direct causality, especially because it is subject to substantial recall bias.
很多研究员都指责案例对照法不是展现因果关系直接有力的方法，尤其因为它受制于大量的记忆误差。
Methods Both sib-pairs and random case-control designs were used.
方法采用同胞对和随机病例-对照两种实验设计。
Methods Cross-sectional study and case-control study were performed.
方法现况调查和病例对照研究。
Relationship between electromagnetic field exposure and dementia: a population-based case-control study.
电磁场暴露与痴呆：基于人群的病例对照研究。
Of the available studies, 29 were cohort studies, 69 case-control studies, and 4 randomized clinical trials.
现有的研究包括29个队列研究，69个病例对照研究以及4个随机临床试验。
Methods A large scale of case-control study was conducted in Chaoshan region of China, which is one of high incidence district of esophageal cancer.
方法在中国食管癌高发区之一潮汕地区进行了一项大型的病例-对照研究。
Objective To introduce the application of Multifactor Dimensionality Reduction (MDR) method for detecting gene-gene interactions in genetic case-control studies.
目的介绍在遗传流行病学病例对照研究中，应用多因子降维法（MDR）分析基因-基因交互作用。
It depends upon the sampling methods and the size of the disease rate whether exposure odds ratio (EOR) in case-control studies can be used to estimate the CIR or IDR.
在病例对照研究中，是否可用暴露比值比(EOR)作为CIR或IDR的无偏估计，取决于抽样方法和疾病率高低。
Resting heart rate (RHR) is a risk factor for cardiovascular disease in the general population and case-control studies have reported a higher RHR in individuals with type 1 diabetes.
在普通人群中静息心率（RHR）是心血管疾病的危险度因子，病例对照研究显示1型糖尿病患者的RHR偏高。
Preterm delivery was associated with maternal drug-treated hypertension and impaired renal function. A matched case-control study showed no evidence of increased renal allograft loss after pregnancy.
早产与母亲服药治疗高血压及肾功能损害有关。一项配对病例对照研究发现没有证据表明妊娠会增加移植肾失功发生率。
Case management related interventions and health education and vector control efforts are continuing.
目前还在继续实施与病例管理有关的干预措施和卫生教育及病媒控制努力。
Oddly enough, the decisions in this case are relatively simple — just as they are when you have control of both endpoints.
奇怪的是，这种情况下的决策相对要简单一些，就像能够控制两个端点那样。
In that case, the SND userid for an IGQ connection, or the channel or MCAUSER, might need CONTROL access.
在这种情况下，IGQ连接、通道或MCAUSER的SNDuserid可能需要CONTROL访问权。
Another benefit of rendering resources directly through the portlet is that, in this case, the resource is accessed through the portal, and thus protected through the portal access control.
直接通过Portlet呈现资源的另一优势是，在这种情况下可以通过门户访问资源，因此可以通过门户访问控制对这些资源提供保护。
He'd never got out of control in any case.
他在任何情况下都不会失去控制。
Choose the capture control server alias, in our case DAISY_DB.
选择捕获控制服务器别名，在我们的案例中是DAISY_DB。
There may be circumstances under which it's the case but it's often difficult to control.
可能在某些环境下可以做到,但是通常情况下很难控制。
In this case, only the Action and Identifier need be specified in the control message.
在这种情况下，只需要在控制消息中指定Action和Identifier。
In this case, you want to reduce the timeouts that control how long the operating system holds the connections, such as with NDD for Solaris or no for AIX.
在这种情况下，可以考虑减少连接超时值，这些值控制操作系统维持连接多长时间；这可以使用Solaris的ndd或aix的no来设置。
A much more common case is the scenario where you control (or can at least influence) one endpoint, but not the other.
更常见的情况是可以控制(或者至少能够影响)一个端点，但不能控制另一个端点。
In one case, you have no control over the requirements. You have to take in data in some format you can't alter, and put it out in a format that you also can't control.
一种情况是您完全无法控制需求，必须以无法改变的某种格式接收数据，然后以同样无法控制的格式输出。
In each case, the CPU utilization reported by wlmstat and CPU resource control action taken by the kernel for that WPAR would be applicable to the effective virtual CPU on that partition.
在所有情况下，wlmstat报告的CPU利用率和内核对WPAR采取的CPU资源控制措施都应用于分区上的有效虚拟CPU。
So the code will continue; in this case, that means that the method will exit and control will return to the form.
因此代码将继续执行，就是说，将退出该方法而把控制返回给表单。
Some of the author's Suggestions make sense: there is unquestionably a case for Internet firms to give users more control over the personal information being held about them.
作者的一些建议是言之有理的：互联网公司掌握了用户的个人信息，互联网公司无疑地应该给予用户对这些信息更多的控制。
So, application flow control logic belongs in a controller and data access logic belongs in a repository. In that case, where do you put your validation logic?
现在我们的应用程序流控制逻辑从控制器开始，数据库访问逻辑由repository负责，现在我们要把验证逻辑放在哪里呢？
The fact that a firm loses a case doesn't mean that it did a bad job; both the winner's firm and the loser's firm may have done equally good jobs — the lawyers don't control the outcome.
事实上，律师事务所丢掉一场官司并不说明其工作没做好；输赢的双方可能都做得一样好—律师是不能控制结果的。
The trick, in any case, is to deflate the cringe-y task by replacing it with a more active, manageable, and unintimidating one that drains the situation of the power to control you.
这个诀窍就是用更积极的、易于管理的的任务来代替让你畏惧的任务。
In either case, when control is returned, the caller holds the mutex.
无论在哪种情形中，当控制被返回时，调用者将持有互斥锁。
In either case, when control is returned, the caller holds the mutex.
无论在哪种情形中，当控制被返回时，调用者将持有互斥锁。
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