These artifacts must always be at hand before, during and after a project, because they offer a primary point of reference for planning, design, implementation, maintenance, and optimization methods.

在项目开始之前、进行期间以及结束之后，这些工件必须始终记在心里，因为它们提供了规划、设计、实施、维护及优化方法参考的要点。

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These artifacts must always be at hand before, during and after a project, because they offer a primary point of reference for planning, design, implementation, maintenance, and optimization methods.

在项目开始之前、进行期间以及结束之后，这些工件必须始终记在心里，因为它们提供了规划、设计、实施、维护及优化方法参考的要点。

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