R&D, i. e. Research & Development, is a whole process that includes basic theory research, technology research, products development and marketing development.
即研究与开发，是指从基础性研究一直到科研进入应用领域实现产品开发和商业化的整个行为过程。
Then this thesis analyzes R&D alliance's basic characters and regional characters. At last, we explore the R&D alliance's two different formation process, emergent process and engineered process.
然后，根据统计数据归纳出研发联盟的基本特征和区域特征，并进一步分析大多数研发联盟出现在欧洲的原因。
Then this thesis analyzes R&D alliance's basic characters and regional characters. At last, we explore the R&D alliance's two different formation process, emergent process and engineered process.
然后，根据统计数据归纳出研发联盟的基本特征和区域特征，并进一步分析大多数研发联盟出现在欧洲的原因。
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