Step 4: bacterial cell membrane break, nano-silver is released from the pathogen.
第四步：细菌细胞膜破裂，纳米银从病原体中释放出来。
Salt acts by the osmotic effect of extracting water from the bacterial cell fluid.
盐能杀死细菌是利用渗透作用将细胞中的水分吸掉。
Venter’s team uses a synthetic genome to boot up the world’s first man-made bacterial cell.
文特尔的研究小组使用了合成基因组激活了世界上第一个人造细菌细胞。
About 30 minutes after infection the bacterial cell lyses and the phage particles are released.
侵染后约30分钟，细菌细胞裂解，释放出噬菌体颗粒。
It is the phages' ability to channel through bacterial cell membranes that boosts antibiotic effectiveness.
这是因为噬菌体能够穿透细菌的细胞膜，从而增强抗生素的作用。
A culture flask for determining bacterial cell population of surfactant producing bacteria(SPB) is prepared.
研制了测量产表面活性剂菌（SPB）菌数用的测试瓶。
About 30 minutes after infection the bacterial cell breaks open (lyses) and the phage particles are released.
侵染后约30分钟，细菌细胞裂解，释放出噬菌体颗粒。
Proved bacterial cell and biology reagent, for example protein and polysaccharide, in the action in mineral treatment.
论证了细菌细胞和生物试剂，例如蛋白质和多糖，在矿物加工中的功能。
Bacteriophage lysins are lytic agents used by double-stranded DNA(dsDNA) phages to coordinate bacterial cell wall lysis.
噬菌体裂解酶是双链DNA噬菌体所特有的细胞壁水解酶。
To transfer (genetic material or characteristics) from one bacterial cell to another. Used of a bacteriophage or plasmid.
转导把(基因材料或特征)从一种细菌胞转到另一种细菌上。用于噬菌体或质料。
The bacteria created the proteins from the blueprint in the genome, going about its daily life as a normal bacterial cell would.
细菌产生了基因蓝图所描述的蛋白质，像正常细菌一样每日活动。
Bacteria are less affected by the osmotic effect of salt than animal cells because bacterial cell walls are less permeable.
细菌比动物细胞更少受到盐的渗透作用的影响，因细菌的细胞壁不大有渗透性。
The differences in bacterial cell fate were stark and hinged upon whether or not one or two viruses were inside a given cell.
细菌命运的不同是明显的，而且是和细胞内感染病毒种类的数目相关联的。
The minicells do not seem to be highly provocative to the immune system, even though they are made of bacterial cell membrane.
微细胞不会引起免疫系统的高度反应，尽管它们是由细菌细胞膜组成的。
Both these are virulent phages, meaning that whenever a phage particle attacks a bacterial cell that cell is inevitably killed.
它们都是烈性噬菌体，也就是说这种病毒颗粒一旦侵袭细胞，细胞就必然死亡。
However, when the team attempted to transplant the synthetic bacterial genome out of yeast into a recipient bacterial cell, all the experiments failed.
然而当年，当研究人员试图将合成的细菌基因组移植出酵母到受体细菌细胞时，所有的实验均告失败。
The latent form of a bacteriophage in which the viral genes are incorporated into the bacterial chromosomes without causing disruption of the bacterial cell.
原噬菌体抗菌体的潜在形体，在这种形体中病毒基因和细菌染色体结合，而对细菌细胞不能造成。
We are family: Scientists suspect that a large DNA-based virus took up residence inside a bacterial cell more than a billion years ago to create the first cell nucleus.
病毒跟我们是一家人：科学家认为，十多亿年前一个大的DNA病毒在细菌细胞内居住并形成了第一个细胞核。
In another surprise, a U. S. team tracked individual proteins and found that a single random molecular event can switch a bacterial cell from one metabolic state to another.
另一个意外是，美国研究组跟踪许多单个蛋白质，并发现一个随机分子事件可以将细菌细胞从一个代谢状态切换到另一个状态。
The techniques they use — removing DNA from bacterial cells, manipulating them using enzymes and returning them to a new cell — are similar to those used to create genetically modified foods.
他们使用的技术——将细菌细胞中的DNA取出，用酶操纵它们并使之返回到一个新的细胞——类似于用制造转基因食品的技术。
Alcohol is chemically similar to water, so it can work its way into bacterial cytoplasm, where it makes the proteins fall apart, killing the cell.
乙醇在化学上的性质与水相似，它能以自己独有的方式进入到细菌的细胞质当中，在这里，它会瓦解蛋白质并杀死细胞。
Official Name: Engineering a Bacterial Reverse Fuel cell.
项目名称：构建一种反向的细菌燃料电池。
Poor blood oxygen levels and blood vessel blockages in people with sickle-cell disease can lead to chronic acute pain syndromes, severe bacterial infections, and necrosis (tissue death).
镰状细胞病患者血液含氧量低并且发生血管堵塞，可导致出现慢性和急性疼痛综合症、重度细菌感染和坏疽(组织坏死)。
If the proteins do not line up properly, Salmonella, as well as many other bacterial pathogens, cannot "inject" them into host cells to commandeer host cell functions, the lab has found.
该实验室发现，如果这些蛋白质不能正确排列，沙门氏菌将和其他致病菌一样，不能将自己“注入”宿主细胞并掌控宿主细胞功能。
This modified bacterial chromosome was then isolated from yeast and transplanted into a related species of bacteria, Mycoplasma capricolum, to create a new type of M. mycoides cell.
修改后的细菌染色体再从酵母中分离，进而移植入山羊支原体，一个与原细菌亲缘的菌种中，最终创造出新型的丝状支原体细胞。
This modified bacterial chromosome was then isolated from yeast and transplanted into a related species of bacteria, Mycoplasma capricolum, to create a new type of M. mycoides cell.
修改后的细菌染色体再从酵母中分离，进而移植入山羊支原体，一个与原细菌亲缘的菌种中，最终创造出新型的丝状支原体细胞。
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