Unfortunately, the standard definition of a second relies on what the atom does at a temperature of absolute zero. Real clocks need to run at room temperature, where the shell of electrons puffs up.
遗憾的是，一秒钟的标准定义依赖于原子在绝对零度的条件，而实际的时钟需要在室温下运行，室温条件下电子壳层膨胀了。
Such ultra-precise clocks are based on the quick vibrations of a single aluminum ion, an atom that has lost one electron, held in a vacuum and confined by electromagnetic fields.
如此极其精确的时钟是建立在单一铝离子的快速振动，铝离子就是包含在真空中受电磁场约束的失去一个电子的原子。
A look at how the record-setting mercury clock would work reveals the basics of all contemporary neutral-atom lattice clocks.
通过观察这个汞原子钟是如何工作的将奠定目前所有中性原子晶格钟的基础。
That's why we use atomic - or microwave - clocks, which measure the vibration of a caesium atom to keep time, just like the tiny swinging of a pendulum.
这也是我们应用原子钟或微波钟的原因，它们通过测量铯原子的摆动来计时，就像一个钟摆在轻微摆动。
The atom vibrates between two energy levels allowing the clocks accuracy down to a second in 3.7 billion years.
原子在两个能量等级之间震荡，所以钟的精确度为运行37亿年后误差不超过正负一秒。
The atom vibrates between two energy levels allowing the clocks accuracy down to a second in 3.7 billion years.
原子在两个能量等级之间震荡，所以钟的精确度为运行37亿年后误差不超过正负一秒。
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