These depend upon the layer below, and all applications that use them depend on them, so, ideally, they are pretty stable by the time that applications are built atop them.
这些依赖于下面的层以及所有使用它们的应用程序，所以，理想情况下，在应用程序被建造在它们之上之前，它们十分地稳定。
Components are then combined or integrated into composite applications to provide services in the third layer.
然后，将组件结合或集成到复合应用程序中来提供第三层的服务。
Layering also promotes loose coupling, because the internal workings of each layer can be changed without affecting other layers or applications.
分层还促进了松散耦合，因为可以更改每层的内部工作，而不影响其他层或应用程序。
The consumer layer contains the applications used by end users within an organization, or the inbound interfaces to external organizations (such as customers or partners).
使用者层包含组织内最终用户使用的应用程序，或外部组织（如客户或合作伙伴）的入站接口。
If access to the source database is unreliable, striving for resiliency in the cache layer might improve overall stability for read-intensive applications.
如果对源数据库的访问不可靠，在缓存层争取弹性可能会提高读密集型应用程序的总体稳定性。
This layer effectively Bridges between the "ideal" business model and the existing enterprise IT assets - applications and business components.
这一层有效地嫁接了“理想”业务模型和现有企业IT资产——应用系统和业务组件。
A middleware layer provides a platform for the deployment of robust, intercommunicating applications, separate from the concerns of exactly how the communication is achieved.
中间件层为开发健壮的相互通信的应用程序提供了一个平台，与通信的具体实现方式分开考虑。
By using this layer of abstraction, consuming applications can easily swap out the dictionary provider they use.
通过这个抽象层，消费应用程序很容易切换使用的词典提供程序。
Service components: Realize services, possibly by using one or more applications in the operational systems layer.
服务组件：实现服务，可能通过使用“可操作系统”层中的一个或多个应用程序来进行。
Sometimes applications are written with a fine-grained API layer, requiring the client to make multiple calls to the API layer for a single logical unit of work (LUW).
有时，应用程序是使用细粒度的api层编写的，这需要客户端向api层发起多个调用才能实现单个逻辑工作单元(LUW)。
Defined as such, SOA is a collection of patterns for building an enterprise-level integration layer between applications while abstracting those applications as services.
通过以上的定义，当提取应用程序作为服务时，SOA是在应用程序之间构建企业级集成层的模式集。
The ESB connects and integrates applications, services, and business process flows at the messaging layer.
ESB在消息层上连接并集成应用程序、服务和业务流程流。
As described in the previous sections, the Infrastructure and the Runtime layer provide core services for running SCA applications.
正如在前面的几个部分中所述，基础结构和运行时层提供了用于运行sca应用程序的核心服务。
The elemental services, used by the service choreography layer and also by user interface applications, are implemented by service applications.
基本服务(由服务编排层使用，也由用户界面应用程序使用)通过服务应用程序实现。
Many applications nowadays design their database layer as stored procedures.
如今，很多应用程序的数据库层都设计为存储过程。
In BPEL-based business applications, this business-level logic is transferred to the BPEL layer.
在基于BPEL的业务应用程序中，这种业务层面逻辑被转移到bpel层中。
You can leverage these building blocks to simply store data on S3, or use their flexibility to layer and build more complex storage and applications on top of S3 to provide additional functions.
可以使用这些构建块简便地在s3中存储数据，也可以利用其灵活性，在S3之上构建更复杂的存储和应用程序，提供更多功能。
This layer provides the ability to execute multiple operating systems (and their applications) simultaneously on a single physical machine.
这个层提供了同时在一个单一物理机器上执行多个操作系统(及其应用程序)的能力。
Historically, this has resulted in applications having to reinvent existing database level authorization and auditing functions inside the application layer.
从历史的角度而言，这导致了应用程序不得不在应用层内重新进行现有的数据库级别的授权和审核功能。
This layer (shown on top) is used to visualize applications to end users.
这个层(位于顶端)用于向终端用户展现可视化应用程序。
It is obvious that the operational layer can consist of EAI packaged applications, legacy, older object-oriented, and business-intelligence applications.
显而易见，操作层由EAI打包的应用程序、遗留、老式的面向对象及商业智能应用程序组成。
Some Web applications do not require a transport layer that enforces content integrity and confidentiality.
有些Web应用程序不需要强制内容完整性和机密性的传输层。
This kind of code is usually common in the controller layer of applications, but is entirely unnecessary in a SproutCore web application.
这类代码在应用程序控制层是很常见的，但是在一个Sprout Coreweb应用程序中这完全不需要。
IBM Lotus Expeditor has a network layer that provides a framework to applications and platform components for network invocations and network error handling.
IBMLotusExpeditor通过网络层为应用程序和平台组件提供了一个框架，用于网络调用和网络错误处理。
Manager components can be EMS applications or an intermediate intelligence layer that manages multiple agents and associated resources.
Manager组件可以是EMS应用程序或管理多个代理和相关资源的中间智能层。
Spring provides significant support for using the or mapping layer of your choice to create data-access applications.
Spring为使用选择的OR映射层来创建数据访问应用程序提供了支持。
The API Layer transaction strategy will work fine for most business applications.
APILayer事务策略将良好地应用于大多数业务应用程序。
While Microsoft is encouraging developers to build the core of their applications using F#, for the presentation layer they are recommending VB and C# be used. Don Syme continues
虽然微软鼓励开发人员使用F#来构建应用程序的核心，但对于呈现层他们还是推荐使用VB和C#。
As shown in the Figure 4, this mediator works with WebSphere Information Integrator to form a virtual data access services layer for SDO applications.
如图4中所示，该中介使用DB 2 Information Integrator为SDO应用程序构建了一个虚拟数据访问服务层。
These applications - generally known as chatty - require several calls to the API layer to fulfill a single LUW.
这些应用程序—通常称作chatty—需要一些对api的调用以实现单个luw。
应用推荐