Abdominal surgery on more of an adverse respiratory effects of the main factors are: to stimulate the diaphragm, the incision pain, reflex nerve stimulation, such as pulmonary hypertension.
上腹部手术更易对呼吸造成不良影响，主要影响因素有：膈肌的刺激、切口疼痛、神经反射刺激、肺动脉压增高等。
Radiation therapy is the conventional treatment for thoracic and abdominal tumors. Since the patients' respiratory movement leads to tumors dislocation, decreased therapeutic effect is observed.
放射治疗是胸腹部肿瘤的常用治疗手段，但由于病人在治疗过程中的呼吸使胸腹部肿瘤产生运动位移降低了放射治疗的质量。
Aim: to investigate the effects of patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) on endocrine, respiratory and circulatory function in the elderly after upper abdominal surgery.
目的：观察老年病人上腹部术后硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)对内分泌及呼吸和循环功能的影响。
Aim: to investigate the effects of patient controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) on endocrine, respiratory and circulatory function in the elderly after upper abdominal surgery.
目的：观察老年病人上腹部术后硬膜外自控镇痛(PCEA)对内分泌及呼吸和循环功能的影响。
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