When a surface is perpendicular to the rays, their intensity is at its maximum.
当表面与射线垂直时，射线的强度最大。
From a food safety standpoint if you have millions or more bacteria on a surface, 0.1% is still enough to make you sick.
从食品安全的角度来看，如果食物表面有数百万或更多的细菌，食用0.1%也足以让你生病。
From a food safety standpoint, if you have millions or more bacteria on a surface, 0.1% is still enough to make you sick.
从食品安全的角度来看，如果表面有数百万或更多的细菌，其中0.1%的量就足以让你生病。
From a food safety standpoint, if you have millions or more bacteria on a surface,0. 1% is still enough to make you sick.
从食品安全的角度来看，如果一个东西表面上有数百万或更多的细菌，那它们当中的0.1%都足够让你生病了。
The surface mark of an established plume is a hot spot—an isolated region of volcanoes and uplifted terrain located far from the edge of a surface plate.
一个已形成的烟羽的表面标志是一个热点——一个远离表面板块边缘的火山和隆起地形的孤立区域。
Canadian geophysicist Tuzo Wilson realized that this age progression could result if the islands were formed on a surface plate moving over a fixed volcanic source in the interior.
加拿大地球物理学家 Tuzo Wilson意识到，如果一块在内部固定火山源上移动的表面板块形成了岛屿，就会导致岛屿年龄增加。
The impact of raindrops on the loose soil tends to transfer fine clay particles into the tiniest soil spaces, sealing them and producing a surface that allows very little water penetration.
降水往往会把细小的粘土颗粒转移到土壤的最微小的空隙中，使这些空隙变得封闭，从而形成了一种几乎不允许任何水分渗透下来的表层土壤。
A fingerprint is formed when a finger touches a surface.
当手指接触一个表面时就形成了指纹。
If the former are greater, the lake is a surface-water-dominated lake; if the latter, it is a seepage-dominated lake.
如果前者较大，这个湖就是一个以表层水为主的湖泊；如果是后者，则是一个以渗漏为主的湖泊。
It's a surface and a sign world.
是一个表面的，符号的世界。
Its graph will be a surface in space.
图像是空间里的一个曲面。
And, it's actually a surface of revolution.
它实际上是旋转面。
He planed away the irregularities on a surface.
他把表面上不平的地方刨掉了。
Here they are related by the equation of a surface.
这里它们通过曲面方程相互联系着。
You have a surface and there is somehow no gaps in it.
你有一个曲面，上面没有缝隙。
And, now that will become, actually, a surface in space.
实际上它是空间中的一个曲面。
See, to have a flow through something you need a surface.
空间中流体通过的是一个面，而不是一条曲线。
The materials have a surface aesthetic all their own.
材料其本身就有一种外在的美学。
And instead I will want to reduce things to a surface integral.
相反，我想要把它变成面积分。
Use geometry or you need to set up for double integral of a surface.
总之，就是用几何方法或是在曲面上建立二重积分。
So, in fact, this is called choosing an orientation of a surface.
事实上，这就是所谓的确定曲面定向的过程。
And so it will be a surface integral, not a line integral anymore.
所以要用面积分，而非线积分。
In the three-dimensional space, flux will be measured through a surface.
在三维空间中，通量由流体所通过的表面来度量。
It is a surface integral, so we need to have two variables in there.
它是一个面积分，所以这里需要两个变量。
Now, how would we actually set up a flux integral on such a surface.
下面应该如何，在这样的曲面上建立通量的积分。
See, I want a surface that stops on this curve, and doesn't go beyond it.
我想要一个落在这条曲线上的曲面，但是不超过这条曲线。
Let's say that we are given a parametric description — of a surface s.
比方说已知，曲面s的参数形式。
Whenever you do a surface integral for flux you have two parts of the story.
每当做通量的曲面积分时，你要做两件事。
The breakthrough was doing that on a surface that would conduct electricity.
这个突破在于它们的表面可以导电。
Syncytin started as a surface protein on retroviruses that fused them to cells.
合胞体蛋白开始作为一种逆转录病毒表面蛋白，帮助病毒和细胞融合。
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