详细说明马尔萨斯的人口理论和控制人口增长的各种措施。
Explain in detail T. R. Malthus' theory of population and the various checks to population growth.
一个简单的(虽然近似)模型的人口增长率是马尔萨斯的增长模式。
A simple (though approximate) model of population growth is the Malthusian growth model.
达尔文1838年阅读了马尔萨斯的作品，立刻就意识到将其应用于自己的研究中。
Darwin read Malthus in 1838 and immediately realized how it applied to his own work.
正如在时机成熟之前，人们一直忽视马尔萨斯的见解的意义一样，孟德尔的贡献也未受人注意。
Just as the significance of Malthus' observation had remained unnoticed until the time was ripe, so did Mendel's contribution.
1972年，当智库机构罗马俱乐部发表马尔萨斯的《增长的极限》时，技术乐观主义者们还没有接到宴会的邀请。
In 1972, when think tank the Club of Rome published his Malthusian bestseller 'Limits to Growth,' eco-doom was in and technological optimists weren't getting invited to the best parties.
然而近年来，马尔萨斯当年的一部分预测似乎通过全球食品价格上涨这种形式应验了。
Still, in recent years, some part of Malthus's prediction has appeared to be coming true in the form of higher global food prices.
马尔萨斯观察到人口数量总是保持在可控制的范围，因为并非每个个体都有机会繁衍后代的。
Malthus observed that population was held in check because not every individual would survive to reproduce.
马克思钦佩马尔萨斯，同样为中产阶级的兴起所震惊。
Marx, who admired Malthus, was equally astonished by the emergence of the middle class. As he wrote in the “Communist Manifesto”
他受到托马斯·马尔萨斯作品《An Essay onthePrincipleofPopulation》(《人口原理》)的影响，这部著作，马尔萨斯写于1798年。
He was influenced by Thomas Malthus' work, "An Essay on the Principle of Population" written in seventeen ninety-eight.
托马斯马尔萨斯在1798年首次发表的《人口论》中,他预测,人口的的增长将超越世界粮食供应能力.
THOMAS MALTHUS first published his “Essay on the Principle of Population”, in which he forecast that population growth would outstrip the world’s food supply, in 1798.
马尔萨斯个人认为富裕人群会生育更多子女，正如生物学家所说，动物繁殖数量会因食物的增加而增加。
Malthus himself thought richer people would have more children and, as any biologist will tell you, animal populations increase when there is more food around.
最近，相关部门的技术顾问将这一“不详预言”比做托马斯·马尔萨斯预言。1798年，马尔萨斯曾预言食品将成为稀缺物资。
In a recent presentation, the regulator's technical advisors compared "dire predictions" about the scarcity of spectrum to Thomas Malthus's grim prognostications in 1798 about the scarcity of food.
正如马尔萨斯学者认为农田的产量是固定的想法是错误的一样，悲观者认为单位频谱只能承载一定数量的电话用户的想法也是错误的。
Just as Malthusians were wrong to assume that the productivity of crop-land was fixed, so pessimists are wrong to assume that a unit of spectrum can support only so many subscribers.
新大陆摆脱了马尔萨斯主义的羁绊。 在当时，马尔萨斯理论即意味着只能通过降低生活水平实现人口的更快增长。
The New World removed Malthusian constraints, which, until then, had meant that higher population growth could be achieved only at the expense of lower living standards.
在二十世纪早期，马尔萨斯对于人口控制的想法还与优生学和社会达尔文主义有关。
In the early twentieth century, Malthusian ideas on population control were linked to theories of eugenics and social Darwinism.
人口普查是在对过度拥挤与短缺的恐惧中诞生的：第一次现代人口统计，紧随托马斯.马尔萨斯关于英国无力自给自足的骇人预测之后，于1801年（进行）。
The census was born amid fears of overcrowding and shortages: the first modern headcount, in 1801, followed Thomas Malthus’s alarming projections about Britain’s inability to feed itself.
博塞拉普的“反马尔萨斯模式”(30)认为，人口的压力会推动农业生产的增长。
An anti-Malthusian, Boserup (30), claimed that population pressure would lead to the growth of agricultural production.
有趣的是，马尔萨斯效应——说的是所有增加的收入都会被人口增长所吞噬——并未发生。
And the interesting thing is that the Malthus effect-which says the population will grow to eat up all of the incremental income-didn't happen.
人口普查是在对过度拥挤与短缺的恐惧中诞生的：第一次现代人口统计，紧随托马斯.马尔萨斯关于英国无力自给自足的骇人预测之后，于1801年（进行）。
The census was born amid fears of overcrowding and shortages: the first modern headcount, in 1801, followed Thomas Malthus's alarming projections about Britain's inability to feed itself.
马尔萨斯主义者们会对他们所担心的数字增长找到铁证：人口看起来和以往增长一样快，或者更快。
Malthusians will find killer evidence for their fear in the new Numbers: the population looks as if it is growing as fast as ever, or faster.
单单这个是不能消除人口压力对资源的马尔萨斯担忧的。
This will not by itself dissolve Malthusian worries about the pressure of population on the world's resources.
在当前因环境压力因素，马尔萨斯人口论向人们敲响警钟时，生育率的降低也不失为人们对全球人口走向担忧的一剂安抚剂。
At a time when Malthusian alarms are ringing because of environmental pressures, falling fertility may even provide a measure of reassurance about global population trends.
而马尔萨斯设想的减少“过剩人口”的办法之一是制订特殊的国家政策将大量的农夫杀死。
One of Malthus's solutions for reducing the "surplus population" was to introduce policies specifically designed to bring death to large Numbers of peasants.
看起来“马尔萨斯灾难”发生的危险并不大。
There doesn't seem to be much danger of a Malthusian catastrophe.
因此即使马尔萨斯骑在预示气候变化大灾难的高头大马上时，看起来他也被击败了。
So Malthus looks beatable even when he sits astride the apocalyptic horse of climate change.
当下，正值马尔萨斯主义的忧虑卷土重来、人们为地球人口过盛将导致的后果忧心忡忡之时，生育率的下降实在令人瞠目，也多少令人感到些许欣慰。
At a time when Malthusian worries are resurgent and people fear the consequences for an overcrowded planet, the decline in fertility is surprising and somewhat reassuring.
在1798年，托马斯·马尔萨斯写了一篇名为《人口原理》的书。
In 1798 Thomas Malthus wrote "An Essay on the Principle of Population".
在1798年，托马斯·马尔萨斯写了一篇名为《人口原理》的书。
In 1798 Thomas Malthus wrote "An Essay on the Principle of Population".
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