通过切除颈静脉突和迷路下骨质分别自后、外、下和上方显露颈静脉孔。
The jugular foramen can be exposed after removal of the mastoid process and the petrous bone under the labyrinth superiorly and by resection of jugular process posteriorly.
头侧直肌起始于tpa的上表面，止于枕骨颈静脉突的下表面，可作为确定颅外颈静脉孔、茎乳孔的解剖标志。
The rectus capitis lateralis muscle extends vertically behind the internal jugular vein from the TPA to the jugular process of the occipital bone.
结果乳突、乳孔、颈静脉窝、枕髁都是重要的术中解剖学标志。
Results Mastoid process, jugular fossa, and occipital condyle were important signs.
结果乳突、乳孔、颈静脉窝、枕髁都是重要的术中解剖学标志。
Results Mastoid process, jugular fossa, and occipital condyle were important signs.
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