要回答这些问题，让我们先看一下一个被众所公认的项目管理的定义。
To answer these questions, let's begin by looking at an accepted definition of project management.
本文从油气勘探项目的特点出发，提出了油气勘探项目管理的定义和基本要素。
Based on the characteristics of oil and gas exploration project, a definition 'to project management of oil and gas exploration and its basic elements are given in the paper.
这一级定义的需求包含了最重要的项目管理领域，且是获得更高成熟度级别的先决条件。
The requirements defined at this level incorporate the most important project management areas and are a prerequisite to obtaining higher maturity levels.
不过，一旦开始将代码分入不同的包、定义接口并将工作委托给其他人，项目管理会变得更复杂。
However, once you start separating your code into different packages, defining interfaces, and delegating work to others, your projects can become more complex to manage.
不管您的项目测试管理需要严格地执行流程还是有更多的临时选择，您都需要一个机制来定义和执行某些事情。
Whether your project's test management requires strict process enforcement or a more casual approach, you need a mechanism for defining and enforcing something.
单独的项目管理者必须在一个更大的框架或是规划内工作。框架或是规划计划定义了各种单独的项目之间的从属和交互关系。
Individual project managers must work within a larger framework, or program plan, which defines dependencies and interactions among the various individual projects.
该定义为完成的检查列表贡献了内容，通过这个检查列表可以看看我们建立项目组合管理治理的工作是否成功。
This definition contributes elements to a completion checklist to see if our effort to establish portfolio management governance has been successful.
如果你将管理活动严格地视为我们为项目管理所定义的，那么对第二个问题的回答就是“不是”，或者可能是“部分不是”。
If you think of management activities strictly as those we defined for project management, then the answer to the second question is "No," or maybe "Partly."
当您设置这个环境之后，您将为项目管理创建一个ProjectArea，并定义一个能够使用Project Area的团队。
After you have the environment set up, you will create a project Area for project management and define a team that will be able to use the project Area.
一个Community可以产生、使用和管理资产，并且可以在组织级别被结合起来，或者被定义为一个特定或通用的项目或角色(例如，业务分析师)。
A Community may produce, use, and manage assets, and it may be aligned at organizational level or defined for a specific or common project or role (for example, Business Analyst).
因为我们公司将PortfolioManager用作其项目管理的解决方案，所以其IT团队已经决定所定义的过程将成为所有COTS实施项目的基本模板。
Because our company USES Portfolio Manager as its project management solution, its it team has decided that the defined process is to be the basic template for all COTS implementation projects.
要处理的风险和一些要整理的定义是存在的，但如果能小心地管理，重叠迭代可以成为一个组织项目的有用方法。
There are risks to be handled, and some definitions to be cleaned up, but if managed carefully, overlapping iterations can be a useful approach to organizing a project.
集成化的工作项管理会自动创建并追踪与团队进程与您所定义项目相伴随的私人工作项进展。
Integrated work item Management automatically creates and tracks progress of individual work items in accordance with the team process and project rules that you define.
有些项目经理认为，完成了项目定义和项目计划意味着项目管理中最艰难的部分就完成了。
Some project managers think that defining and planning the work means that the hard part of managing the project is behind them.
协调团队的工作，以便只存在唯一的当前项目状态定义，以及包含团队已集成的工作，这些对于管理版本控制也是十分必要的。
Coordinating the team's work so that there is only one definition of the current project state, and containing the integrated work of the team are also essential to managing version control.
范围蔓延是一个术语，用以定义在未经范围变更管理过程而进行的针对项目的一系列小型的范围变更。
Scope creep is a term used to define a series of small scope changes that are made to the project without scope-change management procedures being used.
项目组合管理的业务管理活动的关键目标是从商业角度来定义一个范围并验证组合的生存力。
The key objective of PPM business management activities is to define the scope and validate the portfolio's viability from a business perspective.
提取的元数据包括一些数据模型对象，例如项目类和它们的属性，还有一些管理对象，例如用户定义和访问控制列表。
The extracted metadata includes data model objects, such as item types and their attributes, and administration objects, such as user definitions and access control lists.
受管理级：项目的过程被定义，但是基本是被动的。
Managed: The process is defined for the project but mostly reactive.
项目组合管理是一个为了设立谁开展了什么工作而需要具体的组织实体和个人角色的定义和实现的规程。
Portfolio management is a discipline which requires the definition and implementation of specific organizational entities and individual roles in order to establish who carries on what work effort.
作为项目管理中决策和项目预评估时的基础，不管从过程还是产品的角度来看，项目成功的度量都应该在项目的开始就已经定义好。
The measures of project success, in terms of both process and product, must be defined at the beginning of the project as a basis for project management decision-making and post-project evaluation.
除第一类和第二类——定义项目范围和制定工作计划——之外，这10个主要的项目管理领域并不是一个顺序执行的过程。
Except for the first two categories - defining the project and planning the work - the 10 major project management areas don't fall into a sequential path.
如果确定及执行项目组合管理治理机制的工作采取这样的形式就好了：定义、同意、实现，并永久使用！
It would be nice if the effort to define and to implement a portfolio governance mechanism took the form of: define, agree, implement, and use forever!
这样的项目需要项目管理、良好定义的计划、评估和关联的风险管理。
Such a project will require project management, with well-defined plans, estimates, and associated risk management.
它为管理开发项目提供了一个牢固的基础，并且可灵活地将每个自定义置入计划中。
It provides a solid foundation for managing development projects, with flexibility to customize each project built into the schema.
某些存储库具有不可改变的项目类，对其的设定是基于项目类型的；而其他的存储库则允许存储库管理员或终端用户对类进行定义，对其的设定是基于项目的。
Some repositories have immutable item classes that are set based on the item type, while others will allow a repository administrator or end user to define the classes that can be set on an item.
因此，领导者们定义需要采取的行动，决策被制定，对项目组合管理实施的实践和用法进行调整。
As a result, the leaders define actions that are taken, decisions are made, and adjustments in the practices and usages of portfolio management are implemented.
项目组合管理的治理原则集合（早在项目组合管理实践采用的部分中定义的），对可接受的内容提供了一些指导。
The set of portfolio management governance principles, defined early in portfolio management practices adoption, provide some guidance around what is acceptable.
授权是关于权限管理方面的，也是交互系统中非常重要的一项功能，特别是定义了工作流的项目。
Authorization is about permissions and is important in corporate systems, particularly those that define workflows.
从您的软件配置管理存储库提取自定义项目的源代码或从zip文件或本地文件系统导入这些源代码。
Extract the source of the custom projects from your Software Configuration Management repository or import them from the zip files or local file system.
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