许多语用学家认为语用推理无法用形式系统来刻画，只能用非形式的甚至是隐喻性的语汇来描述。
In the eyes of many, pragmatic inference has often been seen as a subject that defies formal characterizations and is describable only in non-formal, sometimes metaphorical terms.
PTES的推理机制使用了可能性逻辑及模糊集合理论作为其逻辑基础，并以一种形式化的方法提供了处理非确定事实及非确定规则的能力。
The reasoning mechanism of PTES can deal with both uncertain facts and uncertain rules in a formal way by employing possibilistic logic and fuzzy set theory as its logical basis.
本文试图对专家系统使用的非单调推理及其形式化问题进行初步探讨。
In this paper we try to explore the problems of the nonmonotonic reasoning and formalization used by the expert systems.
借助于归纳推理的局部合理性推论，本文修正了常见非单调逻辑的推理模式，从而提出了一种新的在演绎框架下实现归纳推理的形式方法。
By local rational theory of inductive reasoning, we modify the reasoning mode of common nonmonotonic logic, and so we provide a new formal method of inductive reasoning under the deductive model.
因此，经验逻辑给出了一类更一般而且直观的非单调推理形式。
The experiential logic therefore provides a class of more intuitive and general nonmonotonic formalisms.
从而进一步给出d -后承关系的表示性质，并由此证明了任意无联结词形式的累积非单调后承关系，可以用抽象缺省推理框架来表示。
Based on representation properties of D-consequence relations, it proves that any cumulative nonmonotonic consequence relation with the connective-free form can be represented by ADRFs.
根据苏珊·朗格的理论，艺术是一种通过非推理性符号创造出来的幻象，每一艺术形式都包含一个主要的艺术幻象和诸多由其他艺术形式渗透进来的“二级幻象”。
Langer's theory, art is an image created by non-inferential symbols. Each art form is composed of a main art image and many "secondary images" which are set-through by other art forms.
因此，经验逻辑给出了一类更一般而且直观的非单调推理形式。
The experiential logic therefore provides a class of more intuitive and general no…
因此，经验逻辑给出了一类更一般而且直观的非单调推理形式。
The experiential logic therefore provides a class of more intuitive an…
因此，经验逻辑给出了一类更一般而且直观的非单调推理形式。
The experiential logic therefore provides a class of more intuitive an…
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