从表面上看，药品供应链与其他供应链相似，都具有制造商、批发商和零售商。
On the surface, the pharmaceutical supply chain is similar to other supply chains with manufacturers, wholesalers, and retailers.
分配渠道很棘手：现代的零售行业链只占据中国消费品市场的三分之一，在印度更是五分之一。
Distribution is tricky: modern retail chains account for only a third of consumer goods sold in China and a fifth in India.
比方说，汽车零部件厂商可以参与汽车商的供应链活动中，而不论它正在运行什么样的应用程序。
So, for example, an automobile parts manufacturer can participate in the supply chain activities of an automaker, regardless of the applications it's running.
不过，由于供应链在经济衰退期间受到了削弱，大型制造商在获得重要零部件方面可能遇到困难，从而无法及时扩大生产以满足需求。
However, big manufacturers could be held back by their inability to secure vital components from supply chains weakened by the downturn and unable to increase production fast enough to meet demand.
供应链管理样本应用程序中的第一个系统是零售商系统，如图2所示。
The first system in the Supply Chain Management sample application is the Retailer system, illustrated in Figure 2.
这条时装链由零售企业家凯文斯坦福合作创立。
The fashion chain was co-founded by retail entrepreneur Kevin Stanford.
业绩评估强调的是零误差的心智，那就是说避免风险贯穿了指挥链。
Performance evaluations emphasize a zero-defect mentality, meaning that risk-avoidance trickles down the chain of command.
全球供应链是航空业共同的特点：位于芝加哥的波音和欧洲的空客依赖于世界各地的零部件制造商和组装业务。
Global supply chains are common in the aviation industry: Chicago-based Boeing and Europe's Airbus rely on parts makers and assembly operations around the world.
面向内销市场的生产商更加依赖于进口原材料，而生产链通过零部件的贸易网与全球市场密不可分。
Producers for the domestic market are more reliant on imported inputs, and production chains link global markets through a web of trade in parts and components.
长而且僵化的供应链导致这家生产工业用冰箱备用零配件的公司不得不为大量货物提供资金和仓储。
Long and inflexible supply lines are causing the company, which manufactures replacement industrial refrigerator parts, to finance and store large amounts of goods.
在全球生产链中，各国面临双重挑战，即不仅要为出口物资和零部件，也要为进口物资和零部件保持一个高效的生产链。
In global production chains, countries face a double challenge of maintaining an efficient chain not just for exports but also for imported inputs and components.
尽管KPC的上游链部门在科威特享有垄断的石油生产，但其零售部门Q8则在欧洲与各国公司进行竞争。
Although KPC's upstream division enjoys a monopoly over oil production in Kuwait, its retailing arm, Q8, competes with multinational rivals in Europe.
样本应用程序将描绘虚构的消费类电子产品零售商的供应链管理应用程序。
The sample application will portray a Supply Chain Management application for a fictitious consumer electronics retailer.
日用消费品的零售商环境正在发生巨大的改变，而今天的供应链经理们并没有意识到。
The retailer environment for consumer goods is changing dramatically and in ways that today’s supply chain managers don’t even realize.
像沃尔玛和思科这样的公司已经建立起了全球的供应链，将全世界零售经销商的收银机同工厂联系在一起。
Companies like Walmart and Cisco have built global supply chains, linking cash registers at retail outlets with factories around the world.
泰国是电子产品和汽车零部件等许多轻工产品的重要国际转运枢纽，是许多跨国公司供应链上的重要一环。
Thailand is a major international hub for light manufacturing, including electronics and auto parts, and a critical link in many multinational companies' supply chains.
地方法律限制了大商店获得土地的机会，现有零售商串通起来设定价格，固有的产业链迫使供应商排斥廉价的竞争者。
Local laws restricted access to land for large stores, existing retailers colluded on prices and incumbent chains pressed suppliers to boycott cheaper competitors.
一些零售商甚至正在找寻重新整合其供应链的机会，近年来他们一直把供应链外包给其他公司。
Some retailers are looking for opportunities to reintegrate their supply chains, which had been increasingly outsourced in recent years.
爱立信公司表示销售额受到产品零部件持续短缺和供应链瓶颈的不利影响。
Ericsson said sales were impacted by continued industry component shortages and supply chain bottlenecks.
趋势3：商务旅行零售化：供应链管理。
Trend 3: Business Travel Goes Retail: Supply Chain management.
商务旅行零售化：供应链管理。
他罚了那些牧场主和屠宰场主20亿雷亚尔（合12亿美元），并且告知零售商：如果他们不清理供应链，也将会遭到罚款。
He fined the ranchers and abattoirs 2 billion reais ($1.2 billion) and told the retailers that unless they cleaned up their supply chains he would fine them, too.
硬件生产和销售无非就是供应链、零件、工程、实物分销和客户市场——Google在所有这些领域几乎毫无经验…
Hardware manufacturing and sales are about supply chains, parts, factories, physical distribution, and consumer marketing–all things that Google has little or no experience with…
相同地，世界最大的零售商沃尔玛，估算其90%的碳排放都来自于其包含有12万家公司的供应链。
Similarly, Walmart, the world's largest retailer, estimates that 90% of its emissions emanate from its supply chain of over 120,000 companies.
此示例基于零售链进行松散耦合，重点是一个名为“LookupItem”的业务服务。
This example is loosely based on a retail chain and focuses on a business service called 'Lookup Item'.
Nordstrom(*)不是最大的零售链，或是销售链中最大的一环，但Nordstrom了解并保持对燃料消费者的掌握。
Nordstrom is not the largest retail chain, or even the biggest department store chain, but Nordstrom learned and tracks what fuels shopper loyalty.
MicrosoftDynamicsPOS有点像微软的CRM产品，但是专注于销售业务，目的是为零售商提供盘货和供应链管理功能。
Microsoft Dynamics POS is a bit like their CRM option, but instead of focusing solely on a sales-based perspective, it's aimed at comprehensive inventory and supply chain management for retailers.
目前他们只能获得消费者支付价格中的一小部分，因为印度过时的零售供应链中存在着多层中间商。
At present they get a fraction of the price paid by consumers due to the presence of several middle men in India's antiquated retail supply chain.
目前他们只能获得消费者支付价格中的一小部分，因为印度过时的零售供应链中存在着多层中间商。
At present they get a fraction of the price paid by consumers due to the presence of several middle men in India's antiquated retail supply chain.
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