并对产业价值链集群效应和链式效应做了阐述。
Industrial value chain's cluster effect and chain effect are also mentioned.
的确，产业集群效应可能消失——匹兹堡的钢铁就是很好一例。
It's true that clusters of industry can fade away-think of what happened to Pittsburgh steel.
湖南工程机械制造产业集群具有相对的竞争优势，具有一定的规模经济效应，集群效应明显。
Hunan engineering machinery manufacturing industry cluster has a relative competitive advantage, a certain degree of economies of scale and an obvious effects of the cluster.
本文引入集群效应建立企业研发模型，分析了有集群效应与无集群效应条件下的研发可行性区域的差异。
This text sets up enterprises' R&D model and analyses the R&D feasible region under the conditions of clusters and non-cluster effect.
本文基于经济学和管理学理论中的“集群效应”，使用“影子价格”概念来度量北京CBD的社会经济效应。
Based on the theory of "industrial cluster" in management and economics, this paper USES the shadow price concept to evaluate the social and economic effect of generous character Peking CBD.
目前，高职经管类专业的案例教学在适应性、教学组织与运作体系、教学评价与管理体系、专业集群效应等方面还存在较多的问题。
Currently, it still has many problems in adaptability, teaching organization and operation system, teaching evaluation and management system and effects of specialty cluster.
不过，经济学家艾德·格拉瑟(Ed Glaeser)认为聪明雇员的扎堆本身即可提高生产力，这种集群效应可从生产力和成本两方面为公司带来有益优势。
But Ed Glaeser, an economist, argues that clusters of clever workers themselves enhance productivity. Such clusters give firms a useful advantage in a productivity-obsessed, cost-conscious world.
因此，在明确人力资本对产业集群的效应之前，需要确定产业集群中不同类型个体的人力资本存量。
So, different person's stock of human capital should be calculated firstly before realizing the effect of human capital for industrial cluster.
运用文献资料、逻辑分析和比较研究等方法，总结出产业集群的定义、效应和特征。
Using literature review, logic analysis and comparison research, the author summarized the definition, effects and features of industrial cluster.
集群具有对企业升级的正向影响效应。
The cluster will put the positive effect on the enterprises' upgrading.
首先，本文回顾了产业集群外部经济效应理论，为后续的比较研究和分析提供理论基础。
First of all, this paper reviews the industrial cluster external economy effect theory; offer the theoretical foundation for subsequent comparative study and analysis.
通过对沪铜收益率时间序列特征的分析发现，沪铜收益率时间序列存在尖峰厚尾性和波动集群性，并具有明显的ARCH效应。
Through the analysis of copper time series' characteristics, we found that copper yield rate time series had peak fat-tail characteristic, volatility clustering characteristic and obvious ARCH effect.
并通过分析发现生产成本、运输成本、集聚效应以及异质产品之间的替代系数是汽车产业集群形成的决定因素。
Studies reveal that manufacturing cost, transportation cost, accumulative effect and heterogeneous product are determining factors for automobile industrial cluster.
高新技术产业集群四种内在功能效应的实现需要通过内在自主性与外部政策拉动相结合。
The realization of the internal function in Hi-Tech Industrial Cluster needs its internal independence and the pull of the external policy to combine together.
在建模中，重点考察了集群的网络结构、企业主体的异质性、网络效应等对标准扩散的影响。
We taking into account the affects of network structure of the cluster, heterogeneity of enterprise, network effects on the standard diffusion in the model.
网络效应经济所引发的虚拟企业集群克服传统企业集群的空间、信息、资源等要素聚集的地域限制。
Caused by the network effect economy, the virtual enterprise clusters overcome the geographical restrictions of traditional clusters' factors such as space, information and resources.
通过近几年的名牌培育质量提升工程，永嘉阀门产业集群优势日益明显，并已发挥出较强的产业集聚效应。
In recent years, the brand name through quality training to enhance engineering, Yongjia valve increasingly obvious advantages of industrial clusters, and has played a strong industry cluster effect.
构建两阶段动态博弈模型，分析FD I背景下产业集群内的人力流动所产生的知识转移效应及其对集群升级的影响。
By constructing a two-stage dynamic game model, the paper has analyzed the impact of human flow on the transfer of knowledge and cluster upgrade in an industry cluster by FDI.
自1997年开发建设以来，余姚模具城集聚效应不断凸显，现已形成一个规模大、档次高的产业集群。
Development and construction since 1997, the combined effect of Yuyao Mould City continue to highlight now form a large scale, high-grade industrial clusters.
集群内的本土企业与跨国公司发生关联效应所带来的集群内企业的价值链升级是集群演进的主要表现。
The linkage effect between TNCs and indigenous enterprises, and the upgrading of enterprises' behavior along value chain are the key factors that promote the evolution of LCE system.
产业集群除了具有众多优势外也具有潜在的风险，拥挤效应就是其中之一。
Industrial clusters have many potential risks, the crowding effect being one of them.
工业经济时代，产业集群最显著的特征之一就是地理集中性，集群所带来的外部经济效应之所以得以实现，与这一特征具有明显的相关性。
The external-economy effect of industrial clusters should be attributed to geographic centralization which is one of the most remarkable characteristics of this organization.
集群竞争优势的实质是“联系和集聚”所产生“协同效应”的最大化。
The nature of the cluster's competitive advantage is to achieve the maximum of the cluster's synergistic effect with association and clustering.
实证结果发现，上海股市具有杠杆效应、波动集群性和波动持续性。
We find that the stock market in Shanghai has the qualifications of leverage, volatility concentration, and lasting fluctuation.
人民币汇率收益率波动有集群性效应，不符合正态分布，有尖峰厚尾的特点。
The return of RMB exchange rate has a characteristic of fluctuation clustering, does not comply with the normal distribution and has an obvious peak and fat tails.
二是产业集群区域经济效应的形成机理、集聚效应、知识溢出效应的理论研究。
Secondly, the explanation of some theories, including the formation mechanisms of the economic effects, the agglomeration effects, and the knowledge overflow effects.
需要通过集群治理实现预期的正组织协同效应，降低负面效应的影响。
With the cluster management we hope to achieve the desired effect of reducing the negative effects.
集群区域MNE技术外溢能够通过竞争激励效应、产业关联效应、网络扩散效应等途径得以实现；
Technology spillover of MNE can be realized by competition and inspiration, relationship of industries, diffusion of internet and so on.
集群区域MNE技术外溢能够通过竞争激励效应、产业关联效应、网络扩散效应等途径得以实现；
Technology spillover of MNE can be realized by competition and inspiration, relationship of industries, diffusion of internet and so on.
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