难治性急性白血病对治疗反应差，诱导缓解率低，复发率高，生存期短，是白血病治疗中的难题，目前仍以联合化疗为主要治疗方法。
Bad reaction to treatment, low induced relieving rate, high recurrence rate, and short survival period are tough problem in the treatment of refractory acute leukemia (RAL).
氯法拉滨注射液适用于对至少2种治疗方案无效的儿童(1 - 21岁)难治性或复发性急性淋巴细胞白血病的治疗。
Clofarabine injection is indicated for the treatment of pediatric patients (ages 1-21 years) with relapsed or refractory acute lymphoblastic leukemia after at least 2 previous regimens.
目的研究改良FLAG方案治疗难治性急性髓细胞白血病(aml)的疗效。
Objective to evaluate the therapeutic effect of modified FLAG regimen in the management of refractory acute myeloid leukemia (AML).
背景和目的：难治性急性髓系白血病(aml)包括复发性aml、原发耐药aml、老年aml及继发aml，是目前白血病治疗困难的类型。
Background and objective: Relapse AML, refractory AML, AML in the old and secondary AML are all AML subtypes hard to cure.
目的观察131I-GMCSF诱导HL60/ADM细胞凋亡，探讨其诱导HL60/ADM细胞凋亡的机制，比较131I-GMCSF对HL60/ADM细胞和HL60细胞的细胞毒作用，为其临床治疗难治性或复发性急性髓细胞性白血病提供实验依据。
Objective: To compare the cytotoxicity of HL60/ADM cells and HL60 cells treated with 131I-GMCSF and to investigate the mechanism of the apoptosis of HL-60/ADM cells induced by 131I-GMCSF.
目的观察131I-GMCSF诱导HL60/ADM细胞凋亡，探讨其诱导HL60/ADM细胞凋亡的机制，比较131I-GMCSF对HL60/ADM细胞和HL60细胞的细胞毒作用，为其临床治疗难治性或复发性急性髓细胞性白血病提供实验依据。
Objective: To compare the cytotoxicity of HL60/ADM cells and HL60 cells treated with 131I-GMCSF and to investigate the mechanism of the apoptosis of HL-60/ADM cells induced by 131I-GMCSF.
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