新兴市场的央行长期以来都是利用这种手段来控制信贷增长和资本流动性的。
Central Banks in emerging markets have long used tools of this kind to control credit growth and capital flows.
而且，养老金管理人想购买长期资产来于他们的支付约定想匹配的想法已经使他们进入到信贷市场的绝大部分。
Also, the desire of pension-fund managers to buy long-term assets to match their payout commitments has led them into most parts of the credit market.
时过境迁，如今主权财富基金唱起了主角：他们有现金；他们不必依靠信贷市场；他们放眼于长期回报。
This changed landscape puts the sovereign wealth funds in a plumb position: they have cash; they don't need the credit markets; they are looking for long-term return.
长期以来金融专家能够获取有关信贷市场和次级抵押市场的大量数据。
Financial mavens have long had access to comprehensive data on credit markets and subprime mortgages.
计算了信贷风险和流动性风险的市场差价在2007年8月份之前被过分压缩了，尽管这个观点尚有争议。而现在的市场差价却高于合理的长期水平。
Market spreads taking account of credit and liquidity risk had arguably become too compressed pre-August 2007, and are now wider than they should be long-term.
这一次，比利时成为市场的焦点，标准普尔将其主权长期信贷评级下调了一个级别，至AA，展望负面。
This time, Belgium was in the focus as S&P revised down the sovereign's long-term rating by one notch to AA, outlook negative.
长期以来，华为得益于中国的信贷环境。当它向中国试图获取影响力的地区扩展市场时，可以轻易地从国有放贷机构获得贷款。
Huawei has long benefited from access to easy credit from China's state-run lenders as it has expanded into areas where China seeks influence.
在争取更多客户，不断扩展业务占有量的同时，同样也给建行信贷资产质量带来了风险，为确保长期保证建行在市场竞争中的竞争力，信贷资产十二级分类系统的建设已迫在眉睫。
In face of the powerful threaten from the rivals, CCB have to develop more customers and extend its business products continuously, which may bring much more risk to its credit assets.
在争取更多客户，不断扩展业务占有量的同时，同样也给建行信贷资产质量带来了风险，为确保长期保证建行在市场竞争中的竞争力，信贷资产十二级分类系统的建设已迫在眉睫。
In face of the powerful threaten from the rivals, CCB have to develop more customers and extend its business products continuously, which may bring much more risk to its credit assets.
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