通货膨胀的成本：购买力下降？
既然科学成本上涨快于通货膨胀，资助上的一些限制是必要的。
Since the costs of science were rising faster than inflation, some restriction on funding was necessary.
这意味着，如果不考虑通货膨胀的因素，成本应该一直降低。
This means that when inflation is factored out, costs should always decline.
调查发现，经理们认为，经济增长放缓、通货膨胀、信贷市场动荡以及能源成本飙升是下半年可能拖累股市走低的主要因素。
Managers believe a slowing economy, inflation, shaky credit markets and energy costs are the top factors that could drag down stock returns in the second half of this year, the survey found.
它通过指数化税收优惠，用代金券量度通货膨胀小于近十年来健康保险成本的增长值来达到巨额的健康保险储蓄。
It achieves its huge health-care savings by indexing the tax credits and vouchers to a measure of inflation smaller than the estimated growth in health costs over recent decades.
沃尔玛拥有效率极高的供应链，因此很好地压制了成本，甚至对全国的通货膨胀都有较大的影响。
Wal-Mart, with its hyperefficient supply chain, is so good at squeezing costs that it has a measurable effect on the national inflation rate.
但是，如果居民消费价格指数(CPI)明显更能准确地反应通货膨胀情况，那么奥斯本先生的决定似乎是有道理的，居民消费价格指数(CPI)当然应该把业主居住者的住宿成本计算在内。
But if the CPI does in fact broadly represent inflation more accurately, then Mr Osborne’s decision seems justifiable, certainly once the index starts to take account of owner-occupier housing costs.
他预测那些价格都会回落并且随着价格的下跌，核心通货膨胀率受劳动力成本下降(因为生产力的回升和工资的粘性)的助推也会降低。
He expects those prices to fall back and, with them, core inflation, helped by steep declines in Labour costs as productivity quickens and wages stall.
当不计算住房成本时，核心通货膨胀率实际上一直是上升的，在2月份达到2.6%(见图表)。
When housing costs are excluded, core inflation has actually risen, to 2.6% in February (see chart).
本月欧洲通货膨胀放缓，而因企业继续削减成本以支撑盈利，失业率维持7月份的水平依然在12年来的最高点。
European inflation slowed this month and unemployment held at the highest in almost 12 years in July as companies continued to cut costs to help shore up earnings.
9月份的通货膨胀率同比上涨，主要原因是食品价格及住房成本，如租金、住处翻修，的上涨。
September’s inflation rate was driven up by food prices and residential costs such as rent and renovations.
如果在全国范围内实行统一的比例税率，这将使得许多小企业无法承受高昂的成本，而且雇员在追求差别工资的同时也会加剧通货膨胀。
If introduced at the same flat rate throughout the country, this could be ruinously expensive for many small businesses, and stoke more inflation as employees seek to maintain their pay differentials.
美元走弱造成能源成本传递性的效用，进口价格上涨。 但两者也许并没有真正开始起作用，所以在未来的几个月中，核心通货膨胀率也许会略有上涨。
The effects of passed-on energy costs, as well as higher import prices stemming from a weaker dollar, have probably not run their course, so core inflation may edge higher in the months to come.
然而，现在希腊与德国拥有相同的货币，降低希腊相对成本的唯一途径是通过某种德国通货膨胀与希腊通货紧缩相结合的办法。
Now that Greece and Germany share the same currency, however, the only way to reduce Greek relative costs is through some combination of German inflation and Greek deflation.
是的，新的问题似乎是成本促成的通货膨胀，就是经济学家们有时称之为卖方通货膨胀。
A; Yes, the new problem seems to be cost-push inflation, or what the economists sometimes call sellers 'inflation.
通货膨胀才是健康保险的大问题，健康保险的成本在继续暴涨。
The big problem is just health care inflation generally. The costs of health care keep on skyrocketing.
当通货膨胀的程度较低时，首付款会比较优惠，但实际债务会长期存在。在以后的日子里这些债务会增加很多成本。
When inflation is low, the initial payments are more bearable but more of the real debt persists, which shunts a bigger share of the costs into the later years of the loan.
但它也是有成本的：收入和价格应该用来控制通胀，但随着这种控制失去作用，通货膨胀大举提高。
But there was a cost. Wage and price controls were used to contain inflation, which surged when controls came off.
但近6%的通货膨胀令很多工人抱怨重重，因为本来就不高的工资根本不能应对日益增高的生活成本。
But with inflation now running around 6 percent, many workers complain that their still-modest wages are being wiped out by higher costs.
央行今年虽先后五次加息，但加息的步伐却赶不上日渐加快的通货膨胀率增幅，因此实际贷款成本不仅没有增加，甚至下降了。
Five increases in interest rates have barely kept up with accelerating inflation, thus the cost of borrowing didn't rise, or even declined, in real terms.
一种相对不太常见，但是形式更加不稳定的通货膨胀是商品通货膨胀，也就是常说的成本拉动通货膨胀。
A less common, but more volatile form of inflation is commodity inflation, better known as cost-push inflation.
皮鞋成本：当通货膨胀鼓励人们减少货币持有量时所浪费的资源。
Shoeleather costs are the resources wasted when inflation encourages people to reduce their money holdings.
皮鞋成本：当通货膨胀鼓励人们减少货币持有量时所浪费的资源。
Shoeleather costs are the resources wasted when inflation encourages people to reduce their money holdings.
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