拿星系作为透镜来观察其它星系，这种全新的、精确的手段确认了宇宙的大小和年龄，及其膨胀的速度。
The size and age of the universe, as well as how fast it is expanding, has been confirmed with a new, precise method that USES galaxies as lenses to look at other galaxies.
空间电荷透镜的聚焦特性决定于其电子云的大小、形状和密度分布。
The focusing properties of a space-charge lens depend on the size, shape and density distribution of its electron cloud.
分析表明，焦移的大小与菲涅尔数、透镜-光阑的分离程度以及入射波波面曲率半径等因素有关，并得出了消除焦移的条件。
The analysis that the size of the focal shift is related to the factors such as Fresnel number, separating degree of lens-diaphragm and curvature radius of incident wave wavefront, etc.
模拟结果显示，耦合效率的大小由光纤位置、芯片透镜尺寸和激光光源光斑形状共同决定。
The simulation results show that the optical coupling efficiency is determined by fiber position, the lens design of the photodiode chips, and the shape of the light source.
扭曲度的大小是反映透镜质量的重要参数。
Torsion resistance is another important parameter that reflects the quality of X-ray lens.
且实验表明在透镜口径足够大时，成像系统的分辨率由DMD面元大小决定。
Meanwhile, according to the experimental results, the resolution of the imaging system is decided by the size of unit on the DMD when the aperture of lens is big enough.
用一辅助凸透镜与一测微目镜进行平行光束的会聚，测出准直管玻罗板线对在辅助凸透镜焦平面上所成像的大小；
Then using another convex lens and a micrometer eyepiece the altered parallel rays is focused, and the imaging size of line pair of collimator imaged on the another convex lens is measured.
用一辅助凸透镜与一测微目镜进行平行光束的会聚，测出准直管玻罗板线对在辅助凸透镜焦平面上所成像的大小；
Then using another convex lens and a micrometer eyepiece the altered parallel rays is focused, and the imaging size of line pair of collimator imaged on the another convex lens is measured.
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