传统工程系统有着显著的边界成本。
Traditional engineering systems have a significant marginal cost.
本文基于随机边界成本函数首次实证研究了中国主要商业银行及其战略投资者的成本无效率水平。
The paper based on stochastic frontier function firstly makes an in-depth empirical study about cost inefficiency of China major commercial Banks and their strategic investors.
这个新的管理范式将两个熟悉的理念从它们先前的边界向外又拓展了一步：一是顾客至上，二是规模经济会导致单位成本的大幅下降。
This new management paradigm pushes two familiar ideas beyond their previous limits: that the customer is king, and that economies of scale can produce radical reductions in unit costs.
所有这些，有助于打破原来的“边界稳定”，实现中国劳动力低成本与执行国际劳工标准的平衡。
All of these will help to break former "border stability" and realize an equilibrium between Chinese labor force's low cost and international labor standards.
大学边界是由其内部的交易成本决定的。
The university boundary is decided by its intramural dealing cost.
科斯认为，由于交易有成本，使企业的边界不能无限扩张。
Coase thinks that enterprise boundary can not extend endlessly because trade needs cost.
网络时代的到来使企业内部管理及信息传递的成本降低，企业的边界大大地拓展。
The coming of Internet era lowers the cost of management and information transmission and enlarges the boundary of enterprises.
以前我们普遍认为，由于交易成本的存在，企业规模是有边界的。
In the past, we generally agreed that, due to the presence of transaction costs, enterprises scale has borders.
而且结合科斯对“组织成本”的论述，我们也可以对企业的边界问题做出历史与逻辑相一致的解释。
Furthermore, banding with Coase's dissertation of the "organization costs", we can also explain the boundary of the firm with the coherence between the history and the logic.
基于外包动机的一般微观分析，展览服务外包的边界取决于外包的利益与成本的边际考量。
Based on the general micro-analysis of motives of outsourcing, the boundary of exhibition services' outsourcing depends on the marginal benefit and cost.
本文从新制度经济学的相关理论出发，通过对交易成本加以界定和划分，试图探讨关系型契约的边界、产权特征和交易成本之间的关系。
Based on the Neoinstitutional Theory. This article analysis the transactions cost, and try to explore the relation contract cost and the boundary of the contract.
根据企业边界理论和主动成本控制理论，研究了如何在企业边界动态化的基础上进一步加强企业的成本控制问题。
Applying the theory of enterprise border and active cost control, a method to enhance the cost control based on the dynamic border of enterprise is presented.
交易成本理论从成本角度分析企业边界形成与变迁，企业能力理论则采用比较利益的方法从收入角度分析。
Transaction cost theory analyzes the formation and change of firm boundaries from cost Angle, firm capability theory adopts comparative advantage method from income Angle to analyze then.
但虚拟企业这种组织形式是以付出协调上的努力为代价的，其边界取决于内部交易成本与外部交易成本比较。
Its cost is putting a lot of coordination and its boundary depends on the comparison between the inter transaction cost and the outer transaction cost.
技术进步通过节约企业的内部协调成本和市场交易成本影响着企业边界的变动。
Technology progress affects the change in firm boundary through saving firms internal coordination costs and market transaction costs.
本文首先借助企业边界概念，得出企业有效边界是“企业内部组织成本与市场交易成本相等”时的边界。
The paper firstly defines the firm's effective boundary when the organizing cost in the firm equals the transaction cost in the market according to the concept of the firm's boundary.
实验结果表明：该方法是一种有效的边界测试点选取策略，可以克服测试的盲目性，降低测试成本，明显地提高故障覆盖程度。
Experimental results show that the proposed strategy is effective in software testing for conquering test blindness, reducing test cost and improving fault coverage.
公共语言运行时使用元数据来完成以下任务：查找和加载类，在内存中安排实例，解析方法调用，生成本机代码，强制安全性，以及设置运行时上下文边界。
The runtime uses metadata to locate and load classes, lay out instances in memory, resolve method invocations, generate native code, enforce security, and set run-time context boundaries.
进而以数值风险成本为基准点，将外包综合成本与预期收益进行配比，得出成本—收益框架下外包决策的边界条件。
With these risk costs as a datum mark, we compare the general cost with the benefit of outsourcing, and then come into possession of boundary qualifica…
进而以数值风险成本为基准点，将外包综合成本与预期收益进行配比，得出成本—收益框架下外包决策的边界条件。
With these risk costs as a datum mark, we compare the general cost with the benefit of outsourcing, and then come into possession of boundary qualifica…
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