边沁认为，全球身高增长趋势具有重要的意义。
Bentham believes the global trend of increasing height has important implications.
带着对救生艇上发生事件的讨论，让我们来回顾杰里米·边沁的功利主义哲学。
With the arguments about the lifeboat in mind, let's turn back to the philosophy, the utilitarian philosophy of Jeremy Bentham.
伦敦帝国理工学院的詹姆斯·边沁是这项研究的合著者之一。他表示，这种全球趋势可能主要归因于营养和医疗条件的改善。
James Bentham, a co-author of the research from Imperial College, London, says the global trend is likely to be due primarily to improvements in nutrition and healthcare.
穆勒认识到边沁早期的理论中有两个漏洞。
它是不是支持了边沁的观点？
意愿逻辑思想源于边沁，此后却未成体系。
Will logic thinking originates from J. Bentham, yet it does not form a system afterward.
边沁的圆形敞视监狱俨然成为了现代社会的缩影。
The bentham circular opened regards the jail just like to become modern society's miniature.
边沁基本思想非常简单，而且听起来就觉得有道理。
Bentham's idea, his essential idea, is a very simple one with a lot of morally intuitive appeal.
边沁是18世纪后半叶英国功利主义学派的奠基人。
Jeremy Bentham is the founder of the British utilitarianism in the second half of 18 ~ (th) century.
他那个时代的经济学家们承袭了杰里米•边沁及其实用主义哲学的衣钵。
The economists of his day took their cue from Jeremy Bentham and his "utilitarian" philosophy.
边沁认为，凡是能将效用最大化的事，就是正确的、公正的。
Bentham's idea is the following: the right thing, the just thing to do is to maximize utility.
他所驳斥的是边沁的说法；边沁认为痛苦和欢乐主宰了我们。
What he does deny is Bentham's claim that pain and pleasure are our sovereign masters.
第二方面就是从边沁的“趋利避害”的功利主义原理进行分析。
The second is from Jeremy Bentham's "profit and avoid loss" utilitarian principle of analysis.
和边沁一样，穆勒坚持道德行为的基本指南是使快乐最大化和痛苦最小化。
Like Bentham, Mill maintains that the fundamental guide to moral action should be the maximisation of pleasure and the minimisation of pain.
杰里米边沁和弥尔，在19世纪，包括政务倡议者的这一观点。
Jeremy Bentham and John Stuart Mill, in the nineteenth century, were the chief proponents of this view.
斯密和边沁认为，殖民地并不划算，康德和孔多塞则相信，它们还很不公正。
Colonies, as Smith and Bentham argued, are not cost-effective - and, as Kant and DE Condorcet believed, they are also unjust.
在他死之前，边沁身体力行了他自己的哲学，一个死人对活人有何用处？
You see, before he died, Bentham addressed himself to a question consistent with his philosophy. Of what use could a dead man be to the living?
我们在与他人分享幸福的同时，也能相应地增加自己的幸福。（英国边沁）
When we share our happiness with others, we have increased our happiness in direct ratio.
它是否支持边沁的理论，是否证明所有的商品、价值都用一个统一的价值来衡量？
Does it support Bentham's idea that all goods, all values can be captured according to a single uniform measure of value?
教授：那么你认为边沁是错误的。正确的做法是增加了集体的幸福，这样说是错的？
Professor: You think Bentham is wrong to say the right thing to do is to add up the collectively happiness. You think it's wrong about that.
古典功利主义以边沁、密尔为代表；现代功利主义包括行动功利主义与准则功利主义。
The Classic Utilitarianism is represented by Bentham and Mill, and the Modern Utilitarianism includes the Action Utilitarianism and Standard Utilitarianism.
故其功利观念不同于古代希腊化时期的快乐学派，也不同于其后边沁等功利主义学人。
Therefore, its utility is different from the ancient Greek concept of happiness during the school, but also different from the later utilitarianism of Bentham and other scholars.
与边沁相反，“决定人们做什么的权力主宰并不是快乐和痛苦，而是会犯错误的对快乐和痛苦的记忆。”
Contrary to Bentham, the “sovereign masters that determine what people will do are not pleasure and pain, but fallible memories of pleasure and pain.”
与边沁相反，“决定人们做什么的权力主宰并不是快乐和痛苦，而是会犯错误的对快乐和痛苦的记忆。”
Contrary to Bentham, the “sovereign masters that determine what people will do are not pleasure and pain, but fallible memories of pleasure and pain.”
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