在东欧和中亚各经济转轨国家，贫困人口的人数增加了20倍。
In the countries of Eastern Europe and Central Asia in transition to market economies, the number of people living in poverty has risen 20-fold.
探讨转轨国家经济绩效问题时，会涉及到“初始条件”理论。
When discussing the problem of transition country's economic performance, we usually refer to the theory of initial conditions.
转轨国家必须为市场治理机制重建付出必要的学习成本和时间。
A transitional country must spend necessary study cost and time to rebuild the market governance mechanism.
新制度经济学的理论和方法在体制转轨国家更有其特殊的现实意义。
The neo-institution economy theory and method have more specially realistic meaning in the country where the system is changing.
对于转轨国家而言，汇率制度选择与通胀之间存在着非常密切的关系。
Between the choice of exchange rate regime and inflation performance exists the very close relation for transition countries.
转轨是全球化的一个组成部分，对转轨国家制度能力的考察也必然要置于全球化背景之下。
As transition is a part of globalization, Transitional State Institution Capacity will be subjected to trials in the trend of globalization.
我们已经看到在一些转轨国家，突发的冲击和快速的变革所造成的制度真空对增长、减贫和市场秩序的合法性的负面影响。
We have seen the negative impact on growth, poverty alleviation, and the legitimacy of the market order of institutional vacuum created by shocks and rapid change in some transition countries.
这些举措对转轨国家摆脱国际金融危机的影响，尤其是后金融危机时期恢复经济增长，发挥了至关重要的作用。
These initiatives for countries in transition to get rid of the impact of the international financial crisis, especially after the financial crisis to restore economic growth, played a crucial role.
中国转轨的实质性问题是国家经济权利向民众经济权利的回归，回归的基础是建立社会资本。
The substantial problem for Chinese transformation is the regress of economic rights from country to demos. The foundation of regress is the construction of social capital.
但是，由于各国本身的社会历史及经济法律条件的不同，决定了不同的国家在转轨道路及转轨模式上有所不同。
However, differences in each country's social history, economic and legal conditions decide that each country will take a different way and model in this system transition.
但这种理论应用于中国这种转轨经济国家，必然涉及很多制度方面的障碍。
But because China is on the way of institutional change, there will be much institutional obstacle that will delay the use of those latest theories.
转轨对于中东欧国家绝对是一痛苦的经历，其经济水平一下子倒退了十几年。
The transition to the market economy system is a painful course with their economy lever backing up to that of more than ten years ago.
20世纪90年代以来，转轨经济国家的出现又为公司治理问题的研究提出了新的挑战。
In 20 century, the appearance that turns the country of rail economy since 90 decade is again that corporate governances the research of problem to put forward is new to challenge.
随着经济转轨的深入，国家由优化资本结构的发动者变成了优化资本结构的阻碍。
With the deepening of economic transition, the government's controlling right becomes the barrier of optimizing capital structure from initiating the optimization of capital structure.
随着经济转轨的深入，国家由优化资本结构的发动者变成了优化资本结构的阻碍。
With the deepening of economic transition, the government's controlling right becomes the barrier of optimizing capital structure from initiating the optimization of capital structure.
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