诉讼证明从本质上讲是一种思维活动。
The lawsuit proving is one kind of thinking activity in nature.
事实认定是诉讼证明领域的基础环节。
The facts confirmation is the fundamental link in the realm of litigation certification.
第四章我国环境民事侵权诉讼证明责任分配之重构。
The fourth chapter is about rebuilding of assignment system of Burden of Proof in Action of Environmental Tort.
第三部分是我国民事诉讼证明责任分配存在的问题。
The third part is the main problem of the legal system of the distribution of burden of proof.
第二章环境民事侵权诉讼证明责任分配的理论和实践。
Chapter 2 is theories and practice of distributing burden of proof in action of environmental tort.
从诉讼证明结束到宣判为第二阶段，可谓文书证明阶段。
The second stage is the document proof stage which includes the end of lawsuit proof and the pronouncing judgement.
诉讼证明过程是一个主观判断过程，法官对事实的认定有很大的主观性。
Judicial Provement is a subjective Process of Judgement. Judges cognize facts of suit fairly subjectively.
刑事诉讼证明中程序证明标准是一个新概念，该概念与实体证明标准并列。
The procedural standard of proof is a new concept in the criminal procedure, and both of the procedural standard of proof and the substantive standard of proof are all important.
行政诉讼证明标准同行政诉讼举证责任一道，构成行政诉讼证据理论的核心。
Testimony standard and burden of proof of administrative litigation form the core of the evidence theory of administrative litigation.
我国没有专门的劳动争议诉讼法，对劳动争议诉讼证明责任的分配没有明确的规定。
There is no specific labor disputes procedural law in China, the allocation of the burden of proof in the labor dispute lawsuit is not clearly defined.
认识到证明标准的功能限度，对于我国民事诉讼证明标准的未来设计具有重要意义。
In the future devising of standard of proof in China law, it is of great significance for the lawmakers to be aware of its functional limits.
在诉讼法领域内，关于诉讼证明究竟是满足客观真实还是法律真实的要求，争议很大。
In procedural law, it has been argued for a long time that the objective of certification is to seek lawful truth or external truth.
证明标准是诉讼证明的最基本问题，也是当前我国证据法学领域研讨十分热烈的问题。
Witness standard is the most basic element of procedural witness, and it is an extremely hot issue being discussed in current data science of law field as well.
诉讼证明是针对案件的“中心事实”，而大量的“背景事实”通常无需提出证据予以证明。
The litigation proof is the "center fact" which aims at case, but a great deal of "background facts" usually do not need to put forward a proof.
诉讼证明中的所谓绝对真实与相对真实与认识论意义上的绝对真理与相对真理不可相提并论。
The absolute truth and relative truth called in the proof in litigation are not equal to the absolute truth and relative truth in epistemology.
证明标准问题是诉讼证明的核心问题，也是诉讼制度及证据制度的一个重要的理论与实践问题。
Standards of proof is the core problem in judicial proceedings and also an important theoretical and practical problem in the lawsuit system and evidence system.
行政诉讼证明标准是法官在行政诉讼过程中，根据相关证据判定指控事实成立与否的心证标准。
The standard of proof in administrative litigation is a very important standard for free evaluation of proof by which the judge determines, whether the facts in a case are true or not.
其次，借鉴美国关于歧视性案件证明责任的规定，将推定规则运用到劳动争议诉讼证明责任分配中。
Second, drawing on the burden of proof of discrimination cases of US, utilizes the estimated rule in the allocation of the burden of proof in labor dispute lawsuit.
刑事诉讼证明标准，可分为客观证明标准和主观证明标准、多元化的证明标准和一元化的证明标准。
Proof standards in the criminal procedure can be classified into objective proof standards and subjective proof standards, diversified proof standards and centralized proof standards.
文章简要阐述了刑事诉讼证明标准的特征，对各种有代表性的观点进行了评析，并提出了实体真实的证明标。
By comparing and analyzing some views on this subject, author provides a new idea that substantive truth should be the standard of proof in the criminal procedure.
全文分为五个部分：第一章，介绍了刑事诉讼证明标准的概念及内涵，并对其和相邻范畴之间作了比较分析。
The full text is divided into five parts. The first chapter introduces the conception and connotation of criminal procedural testification standard, and compares it with similar categories.
证明标准，实质上就是诉讼证明应当达到的一个状态，是指当事人对待证事实进行证明所应达到的程度或要求。
The standard of proof is a state that the lawsuit proof should reach in fact, referring to the degree or requirement the party should reach when proving the unproved-fact.
从逻辑的视角来解决证明标准问题，使概率成为证明结果的最终表达方式，量化不再是诉讼证明中无法翻越的高山。
From a logical perspective to address the issue of standards of proof so that probability becomes the ultimate expression of conclusion, quantified in litigation proved is achievable.
证据是诉讼的核心，而诉讼证明则处于诉讼领域重中之中的位置，可以说，诉讼证明理论是法学研究中一个重要的研究课题。
The evidence is the core of in the field of litigation, moreover, the litigation proof plays a more important role in litigation.
第五章则介绍了中国历史上各个阶段的民事诉讼证明标准的特征，并提出了有关证明标准特征的理论研究对中国证据法实践的启示。
The fifth chapter introduces the characters of the standard of proof in every phase, and discusses the revelatory effect of the theories about the standard of proof.
诉讼离不开证明，但我国的诉讼证明概念却一直没有一个合理的界定，以致于基于诉讼证明概念基础之上的各种诉讼证明制度也大受影响。
A lawsuit can't do without litigation evidence. But the conception of litigation evidence in our country has not been correctly defined for a long time.
文章共包括五个部分的内容，第一章阐述了民事诉讼证明标准在汉语言环境下、逻辑学环境下以及法律环境下所具有的不同含义以及各自的特征。
The article has five parts; the first chapter expounds the different meanings and characters in different circumstance such as linguistic analysis, logical argumentation and juristical way.
现如今，只要人们对银行存在着共同的不满，便可以向法院提出诉讼，但前提条件是他们必须从开始就能够证明自己的身份并做好了经历一大堆冗长繁琐的法制程序的准备。
At present, if people have a common grievance they may be added to a court action, but only if they identify themselves from the outset and are prepared to leap through cumbersome legal hoops.
现如今，只要人们对银行存在着共同的不满，便可以向法院提出诉讼，但前提条件是他们必须从开始就能够证明自己的身份并做好了经历一大堆冗长繁琐的法制程序的准备。
At present, if people have a common grievance they may be added to a court action, but only if they identify themselves from the outset and are prepared to leap through cumbersome legal hoops.
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