评审者：评审项目的工件并提供评论。
评审者会使用这简短的描述作为他们判断的基础。
The jury will use this short description as a basis for their decision.
使用检查表，因为它能极大地影响代码开发者和评审者的结果。
Use checklists, because they substantially improve results for both authors and reviewers.
这些注释不是代码之中的评论，而只是给其他评审者看的评论。
These notes are not comments in the code, but rather comments given to other reviewers.
事实上，评审者们精于认识好的研究但没有能力或数据来评估推广。
In fact, reviewers are well versed in recognizing good research but have little ability or data to evaluate outreach.
图1显示了当我们将更多的代码放到评审者面前时，她搜索缺陷效率的变化情况。
Figure 1 shows how, as we put more code in front of a reviewer, her effectiveness at finding defects drops.
大约60分钟后，评审者就会感到疲劳，于是就不会找到额外的缺陷了。
After about 60 minutes, reviewers simply get tired and stop finding additional defects.
凡未通过年度评审者，将被终止享受奖学金的资格，终止的期限为一年。
Those who fail in the appraisal will be suspended of the scholarship. The duration is one year.
为了找到优化的检查率，我们将缺陷密度与评审者检查代码的速度进行了比较。
To find the optimal inspection rate, we compared defect density with how fast the reviewer went through the code.
考虑到人体方面的限制，评审者在性能降低之前，不能评审超过300—600行的代码。
Given these human limitations, a reviewer will probably not be able to review more than 300-600 lines of code before performance drops.
另外，文字表述生硬或讨论欠妥的申请书也会使评审者没兴趣阅读，产生负面影响。
In addition, the textual representation of blunt or discussion defective assessment of those applications will also not interested in reading, have a negative impact.
然后代码开发者会修复问题，并通知评审者，而评审者必须确认每个问题都得到了解决。
Authors then fix the problems and notify reviewers, and reviewers must then verify that each issue is resolved.
注释会指导评审者进行变更，显示首先必须要查看的文件，并找到每一次代码更改的原因。
Annotations guide the reviewer through the changes, showing which files to look at first and defending the reason and methods for each code modification.
我们极力推荐您使用检查表，来确定您可能会忘记的事情，它对代码开发者和评审者都有用。
Checklists are a highly recommended way to check for the things that you might forget to do, and they are useful for both authors and reviewers.
检查表是解决这个问题的最好方式，因为它会提醒评审者和代码开发者花点时间去考虑一下可能被遗忘的事情。
A checklist is the single best way to combat the problem, because it reminds the reviewer or author to take the time to look for something that might be missing.
在会议期间，以适当的方式向评审者描述工作产品。针对工作产品中关心的或感兴趣的议题组织讨论。
Describe the work product to the reviewers during the meeting in any appropriate way. Lead discussion on the topics of interest or concerns about the work product.
团队需要维持这样一种态度，就是发现缺陷，就意味着代码开发者和评审者作为一个团队去改进产品的质量成功了。
Teams need to maintain the attitude that finding defects means that the author and reviewer have successfully worked as a team to improve the product.
编辑团队将不会公开任何草稿或相关信息给除了通信作者、评审者、可能的评审者、或其他编辑顾问之外的人员。
Editorial staff will not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, potential reviewers, or other editorial advisors.
是不是当代码开发者在作出一项评论时，评审者会有偏见，或者自鸣得意，这样就不能尽可能多地发现错误（bug）了呢？
What if, when the author makes a comment, the reviewer becomes biased or complacent so just doesn't find as many bugs?
我们随机抽查了 300 个评审者进行研究，结果证实评审者在评审代码时确实非常小心，更少的错误（bug）被发现了。
We took a random sample of 300 reviews to investigate, and the evidence showed that the reviewers were, indeed, carefully reviewing the code and there were simply fewer bugs.
工具应该追踪评审期间所发现的问题，并确保直到所有的错误（bug）被评审者修复 才完成评审（或者作为稍后解决的单独工作项追踪）。
The tool should track bugs found during a review and prohibit review completion until all bugs are verified as fixed by the reviewer (or tracked as a separate work item to be resolved later).
Ego Effect的一个良好特征，是不管评审者要对所有的代码变更负责，还是仅仅执行“点检查”，就像随机性的药物测试一样，都能正常地发挥作用。
A nice characteristic of the Ego Effect is that it works equally well whether reviews are mandatory for all code changes or used just as "spot checks," like a random drug test.
这样做的总体结果就是业余爱好者想在专业地质学期刊上发表文章就更难了，而评审制度的广泛采用又进一步加强了这一结果。
The overall result has been to make entrance to professional geological journals harder for amateurs, a result that has been reinforced by the widespread introduction of refereeing.
他们宣称，这种方法比专家评审优越，原因是它为医疗保健打开了“消费者选择”的奇迹。
This, they claim, would be superior to expert review because it would open health care to the wonders of "consumer choice."
组合评审的频率、形式和参加者名单会根据组织的不同而不同。
The frequency, format, and attendee list for a portfolio review will vary from organization to organization.
然而，当提交需求的参与者在研讨会期间评审每一项需求时，需求的目的可能会引发大量的讨论。
However, when each requirement is reviewed during the workshop by the stakeholder who submitted it, then the intent of the requirement can inspire a lot of discussion.
在研讨会的第一个上午，参与者评审预先收集到的需求；这个会议是一个“评审和细化”活动。
During the first morning of the workshop, the participants review the requirements that were collected beforehand; this session is a "review and refinement" activity.
我们发明了这个术语，以描述研究中所评价的特定行为模式，大约15%的评审会阻止代码开发者这样做。
We invented the term to describe a certain behavior pattern that we measured during the study, which was exhibited by authors in about 15% of the reviews.
评审员要向所有的开发者展示收集坏习惯，学习新技巧，并展开功能的机会。
Reviews present opportunities for all developers to correct bad habits, learn new tricks, and expand their capabilities.
在第一个研究中，研究人员让被试通过评审个人简历来对求职者进行评价。
In the firststudy, the researchers asked participants to evaluate a job candidate by reviewing that person's resume.
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