对于后一个主题，我选择实现一个并发堆栈并解释设计这种数据结构涉及的一些问题。
For the latter topic, I have chosen to implement a concurrent stack and highlight some of the issues in designing such a data structure.
这个问题也突显了并发数据结构的基本设计原则之一：决不要假设任何代码会连续执行。
This problem also highlights one of the fundamental design principles when it comes to working with parallel data structures: Do not assume sequential execution of any code, ever.
这类灾难非常见，只是密西西比河大桥的事故却引发出一个广泛问题：老式的基础结构往往暴露出其承载量总比当初设计时还要多。
Such catastrophes are rare, but the Mississippi River Bridge highlights a wider problem: old infrastructure is often exposed to much greater loads than it was originally designed for.
既然已经知道了业务问题及核心设计模式，我们现在可以把目标转移到创建一个解决方案，这个方案的设计要依据给定的结构指导原则和一个原型应用程序。
Having identified the business problem and the core design patterns, we can now move toward building a solution designed according to given architectural guidelines and a prototype application.
这会强迫你分析和评估“需求、产出和供应”之间的关系，并提出关于“推动”和“拉动”两种策略的问题，提出关于团队的结构和设计的问题，提出关于如何切分和合并工作的问题，随之而来就是如何切分和合并团队的问题。
It forces you to analyze and evaluate, demand, throughput, and supply. It raises issues around “push” vs. “pull” strategies.
当ucd小组解决了所有与使用案例相关的问题后，他们开始样本应用程序的体系结构和设计工作。
Once they resolved all of the issues with the use cases, the UCD team began work on the architecture and design of the sample application.
萨默斯引荐他，以提供在金融和住房问题方面，以及对新的监管结构的设计的建议。
Summers brought him in to advise particularly on the financial and housing issues, the design of the new regulations structure.
在体系结构复查之后，系统设计中存在有关性能、安全性和管理的问题就变得明显了。
After three architecture reviews, it was clear that there were issues in the system design concerning performance, security, and management.
另外，因为设计时基础结构是在我前面讨论的服务模式之上生成的，所以调试服务可能会成为一个问题。
Additionally, because the design-time infrastructure is built on top of the service pattern I discussed earlier, debugging services can be a problem.
信息体系结构可以提供这种设计模式的清单，每种模式解决一个问题。
An information architecture might provide a repertoire of such design patterns, each solving different problems.
环境和问题：这是策略设计模式的变体，可以在SOA的体系结构环境中应用。
Context and problems: This is a variation of the strategy design pattern that can be applied in architectural contexts for SOA.
这个时期的网页设计还不太关注语义化和可用性方面的问题，主要还在追求良好的结构美学。
This era of web layouts paid little attention to semantics and web accessibility, often opting for aesthetics over good markup structure.
在关于应用程序体系结构的本系列的第二部分(即本文)中，我们将了解与设计模式相关的技能、工具和里程碑，从而帮助您解决常见问题。
In this second article in the series on application architecture, you look at the skills, tools, and milestones related to design patterns, which can help you solve common problems.
为了构建支持总体企业遵从性的可靠信息管理体系结构，可能考虑采用针对此问题的各种设计策略与原则。
To build a robust information-management architecture that enables overall enterprise compliance, you can consider a number of design strategies and principles that address the issues.
交互模式——组件交互模式可帮助解决与体系结构的组件的协作、通信及协调相关的设计问题。
Interaction patterns — component interaction patterns help solve design problems related to collaboration, communication, and coordination of components of the architecture.
在软件开发生命周期中，体系结构设计得当的系统总是能够在某些看不见的问题上获得战略优势，这并非神话。
It is no myth that properly architected systems always gain a strategic advantage over unseen problems in the software development life cycle.
企业应用程序模式处理应用程序及其子系统的体系结构内的设计问题。
Enterprise application patterns address design problems within the architecture of applications and their subsystems.
无论在哪个级别上出现了设计问题，都应该在体系结构的更高或者更低级别上进行深入分析。
A design problem at any level should trigger further analysis at higher and lower levels of the architecture.
惟一的问题是，很多程序设计语言和编译器不知道如何除去没有用的栈结构。
The only issue is that many programming languages and compilers don't know how to get rid of unused stack frames.
如何构造元素的结构是与构造组成关系数据库的列和表同样重要、复杂而且可能非常困难的设计问题。
How you construct models for elements is just as important, complex, and potentially difficult a design question as how you construct the columns and tables that comprise a relational database.
更多关于驱动esb体系结构和设计决策的问题和ESB功能模型的需求分析。
Further analyze the requirements relative to the Issues driving ESB architecture and design decisions and a capability model for the ESB.
可以使用MDM参考体系结构、技术体系结构、MDM体系结构模式和设计模板描述MDM体系结构，可以针对特定类型的客户问题调整它们。
This architecture is described using an MDM reference architecture, technical architecture, MDM architecture patterns, and design templates that, when tailored, solves a class of customer problems.
伴随机构分析问题的深入，在信息结构和交互设计的构成中我们往往需要根据用户在系统中行动而动态地调整系统的功能结构。
With increasing frequency, information architectures and interaction designs are reshaped dynamically by the system as the user moves through the site.
信息体系结构(Information Architecture,IA)是一个比我们在本文中介绍的还要大的主题，不过，在这一系列文章后面的部分中，我们将介绍设计和IA问题。
Information Architecture (IA) is a bigger topic than we can cover in this article, however, we will look at design and IA issues later in this article series.
“设计模式”一书的合著者RalphJohnson谈到了并行编程的宏观结构及其能解决的问题，并向我们介绍如何更好地学习并行编程。
"Design Patterns" co-author Ralph Johnson explains the overall structure of parallel programming, what kinds of problems it solves, and tell you how you can learn more about it.
扩展了业务领域中的分析模式并将“业务体系结构类型”设计为“原型”，以帮助我们处理重复发生和类似的业务问题。
Extended the analysis patterns in business domains and coined "business architecture type" as "archetypes" that help us deal with the recurrent and similar business issues.
论述了矿山开采专家系统的结构、系统开发与设计、知识获取等问题。
This paper discussed the structure, development, design, knowledge getting etc. of the expert system of mining.
研究了具有随机参数天线结构基于概率的优化设计问题。
The optimization design for antenna structures with random parameters and under random loads is investigated.
FAIA[美国建筑师协会荣誉会员]在东南亚设计的塔，风载使得四五层以上的垂直绿色结构变得问题重重。
Wind loads can make vertical green structures above four or five stories problematic.
FAIA[美国建筑师协会荣誉会员]在东南亚设计的塔，风载使得四五层以上的垂直绿色结构变得问题重重。
Wind loads can make vertical green structures above four or five stories problematic.
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