然后是另外一个协议无关层，提供了与各个设备驱动程序通信的通用接口，最下面是设备驱动程序本身。
Next is another agnostic layer that permits a common interface to and from the individual device drivers that are available, followed at the end by the individual device drivers themselves.
硬件抽象层共分为内部通信模块、虚拟驱动模块和设备管理模块三部分。
Hardware Abstraction Layer has three models of internal communication, virtual driver and equipment management.
以太网存在通信不确定性，不能满足实时性要求，成为应用于工业现场设备层网络的主要障碍。
Non deterministic communication delay of Ethernet which can't satisfy the real time request of industrial control has become the main obstacle in application on filed device layer network.
最后，本文重点放在工业以太网的现场设备层，对底层设备的控制、对现场数据的采集、对数据的网络通信都分别进行了详细的讨论与研究。
Finally, we focus our mind on the field devices layer of the industrial control system, study the device control data collection and the data traffic in detail.
软件设计分为三个模块：CAN总线设备接口通信模块、透明网关协议转换模块和以太网层应用模块。
For the software design, it's composed of three modules: CAN bus equipment interface communication module, purify gateway protocol transform module and Ethernet application module.
本文最后附表说明了外军对流层散射通信设备的现状。
Lastly, a table of the curent military troposcatter communication equipments abroad is presented.
通过运行在网管终端上的网络管理代理（SNMP AGENT）和电力线通信局端设备在MAC层进行信息交互，终端实现了对电力线通信局端设备和用户端设备的管理。
The terminal accomplishs to manage the BPL network equipments by means of the communication between its SNMP AGENT and bridge terminal on MAC layer.
设备抽象层为上层应用程序提供了一套标准的、与设备无关的通信接口，并且通过文件描述表、设备描述表和驱动描述表建立了从通信接口到设备驱动的映射。
The device Abstract Layer provides a set of standard communication interface functions unrelated with specific device, which is mapped to device drivers by file table, device table and driver table.
由下往上将整个驱动软件系统分为总线驱动层、设备功能驱动层、通信层和用户界面等层次，每一层都以接口的形式为上层提供服务。
From bottom to top, the system is plotted out bus driver layer, device function driver layer, communication layer and user-interface. Each layer provides service to the layer above by interface style.
硬件设备代理层实现了同小区内智能网关设备的通信协议SGMP ，同时完成了对服务层接口的调用；
The hardware equipments layer implement the communication protocol—SGMP with the intelligent gateway equipments in the residence, and accomplish the application of interface of the service layer.
从上游产业到下游产业，可以将通信市场分为如下5层：1设备制造商，2电信服务提供层，3网络建设商，4电信运营商，5最终用户层。
We could divide the value chain into five layers: 1 equipment manufactures, 2 service providers, 3 network constructor, 4 telecom carries, 5 end users.
详细分析了在工厂自动化网络底层——设备层使用以太网的可能性，并提出一个基于以太网的通信结构框架。
The possibility of using ethernet at low level(namely, device level)of factory automation network was analyzed in detail and a communication profile was proposed based on Ethernet.
用于汽车、小型移动通信设备和高压电源的高可靠性积层陶瓷电容器。
Multilayer ceramic capacitors such as high reliability types for automobiles, small types for mobile communications devices and high voltage types for power suppliers.
VLAN之间的通信需要一个三层设备。
VLAN之间的通信需要一个三层设备。
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