西方近代自然科学的巨大成功导致了西方近代哲学包括美学的认识论倾向。
The great success of the natural science in the west has brought about the western philosophy including the epistemology in aesthetics.
西方近代哲学是从对自我对主体的反省开始的，哲学由此从本体论转向了认识论。
Western modern philosophy began with self-reflection on ego or subject, and then philosophy changed from ontology to epistemology.
尼采是19世纪下半期德国哲学家，西方近代哲学向现代哲学转变过程中的一位重要人物。
Nietzsche, German philosopher in the latter of 19th century, was one VIP in the course when western modern philosophy transform into modern philosophy.
本文认为，数学对哲学尤其是对西方近代哲学产生深刻影响是有悠久的历史渊源和现实土壤的。
This essay thinks that because of the long historical cause and the academic environment at that time, mathematics has deeply affected the philosophy, especially the modern western philosophy.
在这个背景下，西方近代哲学也深受数学的影响，这些影响突出地表现在理性主义哲学家笛卡尔和斯宾诺莎两人的哲学思想上。
Under this background, modern western philosophy has also being affected deeply by mathematics, and these impacts are embodied in philosophical thoughts of rationalists: Descartes and Spinoza.
怀疑主义在西方哲学史上占有十分重要的位置，而古希腊的怀疑主义是近代西方怀疑主义的渊源。
Skepticism philosophy takes up the important position in the history of western philosophy, and philosophy of ancient Greece is the source of the modem skepticism.
近代西方哲学的认识论转向使人成为了哲学的阿基米德点，但这种作为认识主体的人却是一个空灵的逻辑形式。
Human was turned the Archimides' point of philosophy in the epistemological turn of modern philosophy, but human in modern philosophy was merely a transcendental subject and a logical form.
第一部分：近代西方哲学的主题是认识论问题。即主体与客体、思维与存在的统一问题。
Part one: The theme of the modern western philosophy is epistemology, that is to say, the identity of subject and object, thinking and being.
近代伊始的西方哲学有以主客二分式的“自我”为原则的传统，这一传统对“自我”的认识势所必然会导致自我认识循环的困境。
The tradition of Self - Principle divided into the subjective "I" and the objective "me" in modern Western philosophy inevitably results in the impasse of Self - Recognition.
感觉问题是近代西方以认识论为主旨的哲学与心理学始终关注的基本性问题。
The sensation problem is always fundamental issue concerned by philosophy and psychology to epistemology as the keynote in modern Western.
西方哲学经历了三次大转向：远古的实践哲学的兴起、近代的知识学的繁盛和现代的语言哲学的出场。
Western philosophy has experienced three great changes the rise of ancient practical philosophy the prosperity of modern knowledge and the appearance of present linguistic philosophy.
朱光潜美学体系的矛盾，表明在近代以认识论为中心的西方哲学和美学的大框架里，很难具体解释和描述现实的审美活动和文艺实践。
The contradictions in ZhuGuangqian's asthetic system, reflected in the frame of modern epistemology oriented western philosophy asthetic, are hard to be explained in details.
进入近代以来这种思想仍然受到西方很多哲学家的重视，如霍布斯、洛克、莱布尼茨、康德等，都有对其作深入地阐述与探讨。
In modern times this idea get still a lot of attention by the west philosophers such as Hobbes, Locke, Leibniz, Kant, etc. who has elaborated on its depth and discussion.
数学对西方近代的另一位理性主义哲学家斯宾诺莎的哲学也产生了深远的影响，这种影响甚至比对笛卡尔的影响更加彻底和全面。
Mathematics has also produced far-reaching influence on another modern rationalist philosopher Spinoza, and this impact has been even more thorough and all-round than the impact on Descartes'.
莱布尼茨是近代德国哲学的先导，近代西方思想家中最早关注和潜心研究中国文化并富有成效的一流学者。
Leibniz is the modern Germany guide of philosophy and one of modern western thinkers who paid close attention to and concentrated on the Chinese culture and were fruitful.
西方传统本体论哲学是对近代科学精神的哲学表达。
The traditional western ontological philosophy was the philosophical expression of the modern scientific essence.
存在哲学与思辨哲学的理论分野也正是西方现代哲学与近代哲学的本质区别所在。
Theoretical boundary between existential philosophy and speculative philosophy is just the essential difference between the modern Western philosophy and contemporary philosophy.
黑格尔法哲学思想是西方法学史上的一座丰碑，近代法哲学的最高成就。
Hegel's philosophy of jurisprudence is a milestone in Western legal history and the most successful achievement in modern philosophy of jurisprudence.
通过分析西方近代以来的道德哲学，可知近代的道德证明都是失败的，传统的德性理论有助于我们寻求道德的形而上依据。
Through analyzing modern west ethics, we can see that modern morality testimonial was a failure; the traditional ethics can help mankind look for moral metaphysics.
并且我们知道，近代科学是从西方传统哲学——形而上学的母腹中孕育出来的，所以从哲学人类学角度考察科学便顺理成章了。
It belongs to anthropology as it ought to be. As we know, modern science arose from western traditional philosophy, so-called metaphysics.
近代中国与文艺复兴时代的西方之间具有极强的相似性，这就为柏格森哲学在近代中国的传播并产生影响创造了前提条件；
There are a lot of resemblances between modern China and Renaissance, which provide the precondition for Bergsonism's spreading and influence in China.
在西方哲学史上， 休谟是近代怀疑主义的主要代表， 怀疑主义是休谟哲学的一个标志。休谟的怀疑主义是建立在经验论证的基础上的。
In the history of Western philosophy, David Hume is the chief representative of modern scepticism, and scepticism is the symbol of Hume's philosophy, which is based on empiricism.
近代德国的哲学大师海德格尔在对西方传统哲学的批判和反思中形成了自己独特的体系和风格。
The philosophy master Herdegger developed his own system and style in criticizing and reflecting the traditional western philosophy.
不满于近代西方哲学的这种世俗化倾向，俄罗斯哲学重拾哲学的宗教性这一古老的主题，这既表现在俄罗斯哲学的问题意识之中，也表现在其独特的方法上。
Discontent with this secular tendency, Russian philosophy relives the theme of religiousness of philosophy, which is embodied not only by its problem awareness but also its unique method.
哈贝马斯将形而上学看做是西方哲学从古代到近代的主流形态，它的主要内容是同一性思想、理念论以及强大的理论概念。
Habermas regards metaphysics as the main trend from ancient to modern times. The thoughts of metaphysics include mainly the identity thinking, the theory of ideas and the strongly concept theory.
笛 卡 儿以“我思”作为形而上学体系的第一原则，开创了近代意识哲学，成为近现代西方 哲学话语的源头和讨论对象。
Criticism on the traditional metaphysical ontology is an important part of contemporary philosophic study, and criticism on modern speculative metaphysics since Descartes started originally by Hume.
笛 卡 儿以“我思”作为形而上学体系的第一原则，开创了近代意识哲学，成为近现代西方 哲学话语的源头和讨论对象。
Criticism on the traditional metaphysical ontology is an important part of contemporary philosophic study, and criticism on modern speculative metaphysics since Descartes started originally by Hume.
应用推荐