语用失误的原因较多，作者从话语语用结构，说话规则，礼貌原则和间接言语行为四方面解释受试者的语用失误，并进一步分析被动输入在解决这类失误方面的局限性。
The author tries to explain the limitation of passive input and the four reasons of pragmatic failures: pragmatic structure of discourse, speech rules, politeness strategy and indirect speech act.
语用失误的原因较多，作者从话语语用结构，说话规则，礼貌原则和间接言语行为四方面解释受试者的语用失误，并进一步分析被动输入在解决这类失误方面的局限性。
The author tries to explain the limitation of passive input and the four reasons of pragmatic failures: pragmatic structure of discourse, speech rules, politeness strategy and indirect speech act.
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