本文就HIV-1表型耐药定义、检测方法、存在优缺点及其与基因型耐药检测结果一致性等进行综述。
Definition, testing, advantage and disadvantage of phenotypic resistance assay of HIV-1 and its concordance with genotypic resistance assay were summarized in this paper.
结核，即艾滋病流行的另一个主要因素，最近引起人们的极大重视，因为出现了一种极强的耐药表型，表明迫切需要加强结核控制。
Another key element in the epidemic - Tuberculosis - has recently drawn increased attention with the development of an extremely drug resistant form that signals the urgent need for TB control.
例如，在慢性乙型肝炎病毒和艾滋病病毒治疗期间发生艾滋病毒感染和耐药变异时CXCR 4向性病毒的出现可作为这种持续演变的表型证据。
Phenotypic evidence of this continuing evolution is seen, for example, in the emergence of CXCR4 tropic viruses during HIV infection and drug-resistant variants during chronic HBV and HIV therapy.
如由噬菌体介导的细菌毒力基因的转移、细菌耐药基因的传递等导致了病原菌基因表型的多态性，这在医学与遗传学中是一个日益严峻的重要问题。
For example, transfer of virulence gene and transmission of drug-resistant gene mediated by a phage results in gene polymorphism of bacteria, which is an important problem in medicine and genetics.
目的研究不动杆菌属在NC21板上耐药表型及比率。
OBJECTIVE To investigate the antibiotic resistant phenotyping of Acinetobacter spp on NC21 panel.
目的研究酿脓链球菌对大环内酯类抗菌药物的耐药表型与基因型。
ABSTRACT Objective to investigate the macrolides resistant phenotype and genotype in Streptococcus pyogenes.
结论：北京和湖北地区MRSA表型多重耐药谱存在差别，MRSA和MSSA对抗生素耐药性也有不同。
CONCLUSIONS: Multiresistant phenotypes of MRSA were different, and also antimicrobial resistance of MRSA and MSSA was some differences between Beijing and Hubei regions.
以比较基因组学为研究手段，细菌进化基因组学可从基因组水平深入认识物种分化、生境适应、毒力进化、耐药性产生蔓延等表型进化过程。
It is the time to call for evolutionary genomics which probe into bacterial diversity, niche adaptation, virulence evolution, and drug resistance from the view of whole genome.
目的：调查耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌（MRCNS）耐药现状，分析其耐药表型与基因型的关系，为临床合理选用抗菌药物提供依据。
Objective: To investigate the antimicrobial resistance of methicillin resistance coagulase negative staphylococci (MRCNS)and to analyze the relationship between their phenotype and genotype.
目的研究我国结核分枝杆菌北京基因型菌株的分布以及与耐药表型的关系。
Objective To investigate the distribution of the Beijing genotypes of Mycobacterium tuberculosis m.
结论MDR1可能参与胰腺癌细胞株化疗耐药；中等剂量的维拉·帕米联合化疗可逆转具有MDR1表型的人胰腺癌细胞株对adm和MMC的耐药现象。
Conclusions Moderate dose of verapamil can reverse chemoresistance of pancreatic carcinoma cell line to ADM and MMC that might be related to MDR1.
这些内容物与乳腺癌表型特征传递密切相关，如乳腺癌的耐药性，增强的增殖能力和侵袭性和介导抗肿瘤免疫。
They have been shown to propagate phenotypic traits, such as drug resistance, increased proliferation rate, invasiveness and to mediate cancer-induced immunosuppression.
第一部分是利用尽可能简化的理论模型描述大肠杆菌在耐药性上的表型分化现象。
The first part is to build the simplest model to describe the phenotype variation of bacterial drug tolerance.
摘要：目的研究万古霉素耐药肠球菌(VRE)的耐药表型和基因特性。
Abstract: Objective To understand the susceptibility phenotype and genetic characteristics of vancomycin-resistant Enterococci (VRE).
目的研究酿脓链球菌对大环内酯类抗菌药物的耐药表型与基因型。
Objective to investigate the macrolides resistant phenotype and genotype in Streptococcus pyogenes.
迫切需要建立一种检测方法来预测化疗药物对病人个体的疗效及毒性作用。将胃癌细胞持续暴露于抗肿瘤药物中，能够使得细胞获得耐药的表型。
A method for predicting efficacy or toxicity of anticancer drugs for individual patients is one of the most critical issues to be solved in regard to cancer chemotherapy.
迫切需要建立一种检测方法来预测化疗药物对病人个体的疗效及毒性作用。将胃癌细胞持续暴露于抗肿瘤药物中，能够使得细胞获得耐药的表型。
A method for predicting efficacy or toxicity of anticancer drugs for individual patients is one of the most critical issues to be solved in regard to cancer chemotherapy.
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