行星质量的增大离心力加大。
事实上，凌日时间变化可以提供有关行星质量的信息。
In fact, such transit timing variations provide information on the masses of the planets.
因此，行星质量的增大，离心力加大是退行的主要原因。
Therefore, the planet's mass increases, the centrifugal force to increase is the main regression.
宇航员估计最近发现的这颗行星质量比地球重45倍，一年有260天。
Astronomers estimate the newly-found planet is about 45 times more massive than Earth, and has a year lasting 260 Earth days.
该VSOP82方法是由考虑了所有行星质量的展开到三阶的摄动构成的。
The VSOP82 solution is made of the perturbations developed up to the third order of the masses for all the planets.
他们发现，这类恒星中，大约有40%至少有一颗行星质量没有土星的大。
They found that about 40% of such stars have at least one planet less massive than Saturn.
它几乎与我们自己的行星和体积属性相同，包括质量、密度和大小。
It is nearly identical to our own planet and bulk properties such as mass, density, and size.
天文学家试图通过估计太阳质量能产生多少必需的光来解释这些行星上的液态水。
Astronomers tried to estimate what solar mass could produce the required luminosity to explain liquid water on these planets.
最大的类地行星地球的直径仅仅是最小的类木行星海王星的四分之一，而且地球的质量仅仅是其质量的十七分之一。
The largest terrestrial planet, Earth has a diameter only one quarter as great as the diameter of the smallest Jovian planet, Neptune, and its mass is only one seventeenth as great.
当一个大型天体撞击行星或月球时，物质会被抛射出去，从而在行星上形成一个洞，造成局部质量不足的现象。
When a large body strikes a planet or moon, material is ejected, thereby creating a hole in the planet and a local deficit of mass.
经过长达六年的观测，发现有五颗行星的质量是地球的13-25倍。
Six years of observations revealed the presence of five planets between 13 and 25 times the mass of Earth.
第一个是一对质量与木星差不多的行星，这对行星步调一致地围绕距离地球15光年的母恒星旋转。
The first is a pair of planets, each about the mass of Jupiter, that whirl around their home star 15 light years from Earth in perfect lockstep.
太阳占据了太阳系总质量的大约99.85%，而在剩余的0.15%中，行星占据了大部分。
An estimated 99.85 percent of the mass of our solar system is contained within the Sun, while the planets collectively make up most of the remaining 0.15 percent.
这个系外行星的质量是地球的几倍，但是它足够小，能够由岩石构成，而不是像木星是一团巨大的气体。
The exoplanet is a few times the mass of Earth, but it should still be small enough to be rocky rather than a gas giant like Jupiter.
一颗行星保持大气的能力取决于它的温度和质量。
A planet's ability to retain an atmosphere depends on its temperature and mass.
对这些晃动进行详细分析以后可以得出这些行星的质量、大小、和轨道尺寸。
Careful analysis of these wobbles reveals the masses of the planets and the sizes and spacing of their orbits.
但是，近年来天文学家通过径向速度法去发现或证实大量小到只有几倍的地球质量的行星。
But in recent years astronomers have used radial velocity to find or confirm a number of planets down to a few times Earth's mass.
但测量行星的质量，天文学家通常还需要使用地球上最大的天文望远镜，来测算径向速度的耗时。
But to get the planet's mass, astronomers normally need to follow up with time-consuming radial velocity observations at some of the planet's biggest telescopes.
天文学家们认为这颗新发现的行星的质量至少是木星的1.25倍，它的运行轨道非常贴近其母星，绕其运行一周只需16.2天。
The new planet is thought to have a minimum mass 1.25 times that of Jupiter and circles in close proximity to its parent star, with an orbit lasting just 16.2 days.
如果行星的轨道对于地球上的观测者来说并不是边缘向前的，这项技术会低估行星的质量。
If the orbits of planets are not edge-on to observers on Earth, the technique underestimates the masses of the planets.
即使在这样较小的质量下，鉴于恒星和行星诞生的环境的不同，许多天文学家依然会将它划分为小质量恒星而不是行星。
Even at this smaller mass, however, many astronomers would still classify it as a low mass star rather than a planet, since the circumstances of birth for stars and planets differ.
这种相遇时间的变化，还可以让开普勒小组测定出行星的质量，这是开普勒望远镜无法测量的。
The transit timing variations also let the Kepler team determine the planets' masses, a measurement that Kepler can't usually make.
经过长达六年的观察，科学家发现有五颗行星的质量是地球的13-25倍，或者说，与海王星的质量差不多，它们围绕恒星的旋转周期在6到600天之间。
Six years of observations revealed the presence of five planets between 13 and 25 times the mass of Earth, or about the mass of Neptune, that orbit the parent star once every 6 to 600 days.
一种学派认为如果一颗系外行星的质量是木星的13倍还多，那它就是一颗棕矮星而不是一颗行星。
One school of thought says that if an exoplanet has a massmore than 13 times that of Jupiter, it is not a real planet, but rather a browndwarf.
尽管目前研究人员还没有直接证据证明这是一颗岩状行星，但是他们宣称，这颗行星的质量表明，它并不是一颗类似木星的巨大气体行星。
Though the researchers have no direct proof that the new planet is rocky, its mass means it is not a giant gas planet like Jupiter, they said.
它是唯一的一颗已知的“超级地球”外行星-质量在地球与海王星之间-被证实了有大气。
It is the only known "Super-Earth" exoplanet-worlds that have masses between Earth and Neptune-with a confirmed atmosphere.
但是他们还说，其它小组的早些观察显示，像木星这样质量的行星很少以这种距离在轨道上运行。
But they say previous observations by other groups suggest that Jupiter-mass planets in such distant orbits are rare.
因此我们就可以期望在56颗恒星中有16或17颗伴有行星，并且，根据目前在极低质量行星方面的数据缺乏，实际数量可能更多。
So we might expect 16 or 17 of the nearest 56 stars to be accompanied by planets and, given the current lack of data on very low-mass planets, it could easily be more.
该行星属于船帆星座，质量约为地球的3.6倍。
The planet is in the constellation of Vela, measures around 3.6 times the Earth's mass.
这颗编号为HD 85512b的行星是地球质量的3.5倍，离其主恒星距离较近，足以容纳水分。
The planet, referred to as HD85512b, is about 3.5 times the mass of Earth and may be close enough to its primary star to contain water.
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