第四章主要讨论了行政侵权责任上的因果关系。
Chapter four mainly discusses the causation of administrative tort liability.
其实，行政侵权的精神损害赔偿早已经成为学界的共识。
In fact, there has already existed consent as to the spiritual damages in administrative torts.
本文尝试系统地运用经济分析方法研究行政侵权责任制度。
This article is on the economic analysis of this topic systematically.
目前对行政侵权责任制度缺乏专门的研究，而且方法单一。
However, special research on that is very scarce, and the present method is also very single.
行政侵权行为的主体是行政主体，但最终的赔偿责任主体在于国家。
Administrative violations subject is the administrative body, but the ultimate liability rests with the State subject.
基于环境行政侵权的特性，有必要在环境行政诉讼中引入代表人诉讼制度。
Based on characteristics of infringement of right in environmental administration, legal counsel system is necessarily introduced into environmental proceedings of administration.
文章认为，行政侵权赔偿，不仅应赔偿直接损害，而且对间接损害也应救济；
This article proposes that administrative tort remedy should not only compensate for direct losses but also indirect losses, n…
行政侵权责任表明一种损益性的行政法律责任，是行政致害行为的法律后果。
The liability of administrative torts is legal consequence of administrative harmful activities as a sort of benefit-damaged administrative liabilities.
为维护国家尊严，保障公民权利，在行政侵权诉讼中应该确立精神损害赔偿制度。
The mental compensation system should be established in administrative violation lawsuits to protect country's dignity and civil's rights.
但是实践活动中，由于行政侵权行为的特殊性而使得行政赔偿因果关系复杂多样，存在多种学界观点。
But in practice, the administrative infringement and compensate the particularity of the causality complex and varied, in view of the field.
随着人类进入21世纪，对于行政侵权而引起的精神损害，越来越多的国家给予保护，采取包括财产赔偿在内的多种方式予以救济。
With human entering into the 21st century, more and more countries have taken many compensative measures for spiritual damage against administrative tort, including property compensation.
《专利法》规定，专利权人和利害关系方可以请求专利事务行政主管机关对侵权行为进行处理。
The patent Law provided that the patentee and interested party could request the administrative authority for patent affairs to handle the infringing act.
行政主管机关将有权实施充分的处罚措施，以防止或震慑进一步的侵权行为，并被鼓励行使该权力。
Administrative authorities would have the authority to impose sufficient sanctions to prevent or deter further infringement and would be encouraged to exercise that authority.
对于行政行为与民事行为共同侵权案件的审理，现行立法尚无明确规定，导致司法实践中的争议和盲点。
For administrative act and civil action common infringement case, the current law have no explicit provision still, causing the blind in judicial practice.
由于行政程序在打击侵权方面速度较快，费用较低，受到知识产权权利人的欢迎。
On account of its rapid crackdown on infringement and low cost, administrative measures are very popular with right holders.
国家著作权行政管理部门负责查处互联网侵权盗版行为。
The state copyright administrative department is in charge of the investigation and punishment of Internet copyright infringement and pirating activities.
介绍一起认为规划许可行为侵权行政案件的基本情况及发生经过，评析其争议焦点。
This paper introduces a law case in which a plan permit is considered tortuous and reviews the focus of this case.
设置链接不光引发侵权问题，还会引发行政违法问题。
Setting interlink will cause not only infringement but also administrative illegal problems.
弃婴行为不但是民事侵权和行政违法行为，而且可能构成相关犯罪。
Not only the abandoned baby behavior is the civil tort and the administrative illegal activity, moreover possible to constitute the related crime.
效率原则要求侵权责任的归责原则应当能够使预防成本、事故的损失成本以及行政管理成本的总和降到最低。
According to the principle of efficiency, tort liability principles ought to minimize the accidents costs including the prevention cost, the accident loss, as well as the administrative costs.
中国代表表示，中国的大多数知识产权执法行为都导致对侵权行为的行政处理。
The representative of China stated that most IPR enforcement actions in China resulted in administrative measures to address the infringement.
《著作权法》及其相关法规对版权侵权的行政处罚主体和承担行政责任的版权侵权构成要件作了明确规定。
According to the copyright Law and related regulations in China, only the copyright administration department and the Customs have power of administrative penalty for copyright infringement.
这一原则直接体现在我国民事诉讼法和行政诉讼法的规定中，新颁布的侵权责任法也将有权起诉的原告限定在了被侵权人。
This principle manifested in our civil procedure law and administrative procedure law. Tort liability law provides that the standing will be entitled to the person who has been infringed directly.
第二章分别从抽象行政行为侵权的客观性、必要性以及可行性入手，深入分析研究抽象行政行为侵权赖以存在的理论基础。
Chapter two analysis the theoretical foundation of abstract administrative tort with three sections which contain objectivity, necessity and feasibility of abstract administrative tort.
第二章分别从抽象行政行为侵权的客观性、必要性以及可行性入手，深入分析研究抽象行政行为侵权赖以存在的理论基础。
Chapter two analysis the theoretical foundation of abstract administrative tort with three sections which contain objectivity, necessity and feasibility of abstract administrative tort.
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